新疆极小种群野生植物资源现状及保护对策

Study on Resource Status and Protection Countermeasures of Wild Plants Species with Extremely Small Population(PSESP)in Xinjiang

近年来极小种群物种保护已逐渐成为生物多样性研究的热点问题。通过对新疆极小种群野生植物调查分析表明:1)新疆的极小种群野生植物共75种,其中乔木22种、灌木18种、草本35种,生境多以雪线、荒漠、高山、湿地等极寒、极旱或极狭窄条件为主。2)列入国家或自治区保护植物为53种,占比为70.67%,22个极小种群野生植物未列入保护植物;列入红色名录的极小种群野生植物70个,占比高达93.33%。3)新疆极小种群野生植物主要集中分布在阿尔泰山,西天山、以及帕米尔、喀喇昆仑一带;在新疆各类自然保护区、森林公园、湿地公园等自然生态保护地均有分布,仅矮沙冬青、管花肉苁蓉、塔里木沙拐枣、樱桃李4种未见文献资料表明其在自然保护地内有分布。本文对极小种群野生植物的保护提出了相关保护对策建议,旨在为新疆生物多样性保护提供理论依据。

In recent years,the protection of PSESP has gradually become a hot issue in biodiversity research.Through the investigation and analysis of PSESP in Xinjiang,it was shown that:(1)There were 75 species of PSESP in Xinjiang,including 22 species of trees,18 species of shrubs and 35 species of herbs.The habitats were mainly in extreme cold,extreme drought or narrow conditions such as snow line,desert,mountain,wetland and so on.(2)The 53 species(70.67%)were listed as national or autonomous region protected plants,and 22PSESP were not listed in the protection;There were 70 PSESP listed in the red list,accounting for 93.33%.(3)The PSESP in Xinjiang were mainly distributed in the Altai Mountains,western Tianshan Mountains,Pamir Plateau and Karakoram Mountains;It were distributed in all kinds of nature reserves,forest parks,wetland parks and other natural ecological protection areas in Xinjiang.Ammopiptanthus Nanus(M.op.)Cheng F.,Cistanche Tubulosa(Schenk)Wight,Calligonum Roborovskii A.los.and Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart had not been found in the literature,indicating that they were distributed in protected areas.In order to provide a theoretical basis for the conservation of biodiversity in Xinjiang,some suggestions on the protection of wild plants with minimal population were put forward.