孙中山的“南方大港”与新时代的粤港澳大湾区

Sun Yatsen’s "The Great Southern Port" and The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in the New Era

自清代以降,珠三角地区作为中国重要的对外门户,不断吸收来自西方世界的新鲜事物,逐渐发展出自身的海洋文化传统,在旧时的中国独树一帜。在此背景下,早已对海洋文化耳濡目染的孙中山在其执政后便把眼光投向了充满无限潜力的大洋之上,首次在中国历史上对珠三角地区进行了整体性的战略规划,提出了建设“南方大港”的宏伟目标。正如孙中山的其他诸多计划一样,建设“南方大港”的核心思想是发展实业、振兴中华。围绕这一核心思想,孙中山颇具超前眼光地阐明了“南方大港”与香港之间的区域协同发展理念;建设性地提出了珠三角地区江河水运系统的改良计划;大胆地设想了未来的广佛同城;全局性地把握了沿海与内陆地区的关系。作为一项综合工程,“南方大港”不仅仅只是一座传统意义上的大型商业港口,它系统性地涵盖了当时珠三角地区的海内外贸易、工业技术、交通规划、农业基础、乃至旅游潜力等多个方面,与新时代《粤港澳大湾区发展规划纲要》颇有几分相似之处。尽管孙中山所处时代的局限性严重地阻碍了“南方大港”计划的实现,但他的伟大尝试却不失为当时中国的一声呐喊,也为新时代粤港澳大湾区发展留下了宝贵的精神财富和文化遗产。

As an important gateway to China,the Pearl River Delta has continuously absorbed novel things from the western world and gradually developed its own marine cultural tradition since the Qing Dynasty.Sun Yatsen,who has long been influenced by such marine culture,kept an eye on the potential ocean development after he took his office.His grand plan of building “The Great Southern Port” has become the first overall strategic development for the Pearl River Delta in Chinese history.Just like his other plans,the core idea of Sun Yatsen’s “The Great Southern Port” grand plan is to develop national industry and revitalize China.Based on this core idea,Sun Yatsen expounded the concept of regional synergy between “The Great Southern Port” and Hong Kong with a rather advanced vision;put forward the improvement plan of water transportation in the Pearl River Delta constructively;envisioned the future of Guangfo city;and evaluated relationship between coastal and inland areas comprehensively.As an integrated project,“The Great Southern Port” is not just a large commercial port in the traditional sense.It systematically covers the domestic and foreign trade,industrial technology,transportation planning,agricultural foundation and even tourism potential of the Pearl River Delta at that time.It is somewhat similar to the outline of the development planning of The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.Although the limitations of his time seriously hindered the realization of “The Great Southern Port” grand plan,Sun Yatsen’s spirit has never faded away.As a valuable cultural heritage,“The Great Southern Port” is deeply embedded in The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area today.