人工智能时代性别伦理的多维思考与前瞻性治理

Multidimensional Thinking on Gender Ethics and Prospective Governance in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

人工智能时代的性别问题首先表现为原有性别问题在技术中的映射与放大,具体包括两个维度:一是人工智能的技术逻辑使得其有可能习得已有的性别偏见,并通过算法实现性别偏见、性别歧视的“客观化”;二是人工智能技术从业者的性别单一性导致单向度性别伦理观念与价值标准在技术开发与应用过程中的嵌入,使得人工智能的应用无法实现对于公平等社会公共价值的回应。同时,“第三性”的“人造智能生命体”的出现也催生出人-机交往的新问题,即机器生命的跨性别特征在一定程度上突破两性二元对立的框架,增加性别交往与性别伦理的维度。人工智能技术的发展与应用,通过劳动替代改变社会分工结构中性别的嵌入关系,促进交往体验“共享”与“共情”,有助于性别伦理建构回归具体的社会情境,而借助性别化身体的解构则进一步指向自然差异基础上的男性与女性的二元对立,为“自主”性别伦理观的建构提供条件。当然,技术并不能自发推动性别问题的解决与新的性别伦理观念的形成,还需要社会治理行动者的前瞻性治理来释放其解放特质。政府可以通过提前进行理念更新与职能调整,主动挖掘性别问题并设计针对性的治理工具,推动人工智能技术开发与应用过程中“科学家共同体”的形成,推进人工智能时代新性别伦理观的建构。

The gender issue in the AI era is manifested as the mapping and amplification of the original gender issue in technology,which includes two dimensions:First,the technical logic of AI makes it possible to acquire the existing gender bias and“object”it through algorithms.Second,the gender uniformity of artificial intelligence technology practitioners leads to the embedding of one-dimensional gender ethics and value standards in the process of technology development and application,making the application of artificial intelligence impossible to respond to social public values such as fairness.At the same time,the emergence of“artificial intelligent life forms”of the“third sex”has also created a new problem of human-machine communication,that is,the transgender characteristics of machine life can break through the framework of binary opposition between the two sexes to a certain extent,increasing gender communication and dimensions of gender ethics.The development and application of artificial intelligence technology,changing the embedded relationship of gender in the social division of labor structure through labor substitution,and the sharing of communication experience and“empathy”will help to promote the construction of gender ethics to return to specific social situations,and the use of gendered bodies points to the deconstruction of the binary opposition between men and women based on natural differences,which provides conditions for the construction of“autonomous”gender ethics.Of course,technology cannot spontaneously promote the resolution of gender issues and the formation of new gender ethic concepts.It also requires forward-looking governance by social governance actors to release its liberating qualities.The government can advance the concept of new gender ethics in the AI era by updating concepts and its functions,proactively exploring gender issues and designing targeted governance tools,and promoting the formation of a“community of scientists”in the development and application of AI technologies.