文明冯太后与孝文帝母子说再论

On the Mother-Child Relationship Between Empress Dowager Feng and the Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty

孝文帝的“皇储正统”地位,其父献文帝、皇室诸王及朝廷重臣均无异议,孝文帝本人及当时侍卫近臣常用“母子”之称来指代冯太后与孝文帝,可知孝文帝为冯太后与献文帝所生。由此可以解释冯太后“躬亲抚养”孝文帝以致罢令不听政事的非常举动,以及对于孝文帝的诸多责罚之举。冯太后教子严明是其性格及恒代风俗所致;冯太后的过失在于诛杀李夫人及其家门;冯太后利用子贵母死以求自保,但并无处心积虑为冯氏经营门户,而是有其更高政治理想。

This paper conducts a further discussion on the viewpoint that the Empress Dowager Feng was Emperor Xiaowen’s mother.Since Xiaowen’s father was Emperor Xianwen,he was not an illegitimate child,but the real eldest prince.It could explain why Feng prefered to bring up the child herself than find a babysitter.Some of their personal bodyguards knew and just called them mother and son.Feng sometimes gave severe punishment on Xiaowen,but that did not mean she was not the biological mother.Feng was strict with her son just like any mother in the Northern dynasty,which was customs and folkways at that time.Feng found a nominal mother for her son and executed her in order to avoid the same doom but she told the truth before her death.So Emperor Xiaowen at last knew all and thus his nominal mother and her family did not get any benefits.It was cruel for Feng to kill the girl who was appointed to be mother of Xiaowen,but that was the way she saved herself.Feng did not make arrangements for her nieces because she thought better of her son who will make her political ideal come true.