气候变化背景下播期对东北春玉米资源利用、生育进程、产量与品质的影响

Effects of Sowing Date on Resource Utilization,Growth Progress,Yield,and Quality of Spring Corn in Northeast China in the Context of Climate Change

全球气候变暖已是不争的事实,近些年极端天气事件发生频率明显增加。我国东北地区是中国重要的玉米主产区,位于世界三大“黄金玉米带”。未来东北地区气温与降水的不匹配将很可能会对玉米生产造成不利的影响。播种时期的变化可调节玉米生育结构,使之更有效利用当地光热资源,发挥产量潜力。尤其在当前全球气候变化背景下,调整播期对于充分利用气象资源,协同“环境—作物”正向互作具有重要作用。文中首先分析了全球和东北地区气候变化现状与未来趋势,指出了播期对于东北春玉米产量的作用,阐述了播期设置与东北地区气候因子的匹配研究现状及对提高资源利用效率的作用;其次,从东北春玉米生育进程、产量、养分利用和籽粒品质等方面,分别论述了播期的影响;最后,结合当前播期研究面临的问题,即模型模拟结果有一定偏差和研究方法有局限等,提出了应在多年多点区域尺度、多种管理措施的交互作用下,探究应对气候变化的技术途径,通过大田试验与模型模拟结合,精准量化并预估各种极端气象因子对农业生产的影响,保障东北粮食安全。

Global warming was an indisputable fact,and the frequency of extreme weather events has increased significantly in recent years.Northeast of China was being an important corn producing area in China,which located in the world’s three "golden corn belt".The mismatch between temperature and precipitation in Northeast of China will be likely to affect corn production adversely in the future.The change of sowing time could adjust the growth structure of corn,which make it more effective use of local light and heat resources,and give full play to yield potential.Especially in the context of global climate change,adjusting sowing date plays an important role in making full use of meteorological resources and coordinating the positive interaction of "environment-crop".This paper analyzed the current situation and future trend of climate change in the world and northeast of China firstly.The effect of sowing date on the yield of spring corn in northeast of China was pointed out.The research status of sowing date matching with climate factors in northeast China and its effect on improving resource utilization efficiency were described.Secondly,the effects of sowing date on growth process,yield,nutrient utilization and kernel quality of spring corn in northeast of China were discussed in detail.Finally,combined with the current problems of sowing date research,that is,some deviation of model simulation results and the limitations of research methods,the technological approaches to climate change should be explored under the interaction of multi-year,multi-point,multi-regional and multi-management measures.The impact of various extreme meteorological factors on agricultural production was accurately quantified and predicted through the combination of field experiment and model simulation,which could ensure food security in northeast of China.