基于前后端分离架构的智慧农业物联网系统设计

Design of intelligent agricultural IoT system based on front-rear end separation architecture

针对传统物联网系统设计难以处理复杂业务逻辑且不易于功能扩展的问题,文中设计一种由远程数据服务平台、数据采集终端和窄带物联网(NB-IoT)无线数据传输模块组成的物联网系统。该系统在数据服务平台和应用层管理软件开发中采用前后端分离的设计思想和MVVM(Model-View-ViewModel)架构,采用Vue.js、Element技术开发前端Web页面,采用Django、SMTP、Nginx等技术开发后端数据服务器,以实现前后端数据的解耦,从而使系统具备处理复杂数据的潜力,便于系统的二次开发和新功能扩展。然后,基于树莓派构建嵌入式多元传感器采集节点,并利用低功耗NB-IoT模块实现数据的无线远程传输,以增加部署的灵活性,便于野外大范围布置传感器节点。最后,设计系统的实时数据监控、历史数据查询、数据可视化分析与处理、异常数据告警等应用功能,为农业生产过程监测提供便利。文中系统具备便捷的扩展接口,可作为各种农业物联网应用的基础开发平台,如构建农业土壤环境监测系统、病虫害智能诊断系统等,能够为精准农业和智慧农业信息系统构建提供载体。

In allusion to the problem that it is difficult to handle complex business logic and is not easy to expand functions in the traditional design of the IoT(Internet of Things)system,a IoT system composed of remote data service platform,data collection terminal and narrowband Internet of Things(NB-IoT)wireless data transmission module is designed.The design idea of front-rear end separation and MVVM(model-view-view model)architecture are adopted in the development of the data service platform and the management software in the application layer,the Vue.js and Element technologies are utilized to develop the front-end Web pages,and the Django,SMTP and Nginx are used to develop the back-end data server,so as to realize the decoupling of front-rear end data,and make the system have the potential to process complex data and facilitate the secondary development and new function expansion of the system.The embedded multi-sensor acquisition node is built based on Raspberry Pi,and the low-power NB-IOT module is used to realize wireless remote data transmission,so as to increase the flexibility of deployment and facilitate the large-scale deployment of sensor nodes in the field.A series of application functions are designed,including real-time data monitoring,historical data query,data visualization analysis and processing and abnormal data alerting,etc.,which bring convenience for monitoring the agricultural production process.The system has a convenient and fast expansion interface,and can be used as a basic development platform for various agricultural IoT applications,such as the soil environmental monitoring system and the intelligent disease and pest monitoring system,etc.,and can provide a carrier for the construction of precision agriculture and intelligent agricultural information systems.