鱼与熊掌可以兼得吗?——营商环境对创业数量和创业质量的影响研究

Can You Have Your Cake and Also Eat It?-Impact of Business Environment Configuration on the Quantity and Quality of Entrepreneurship

我国创业活动数量和质量呈现区域差异的特征,塑造激发创业活动数量和质量协同增长的营商环境是缓解这种差异、促进经济高质量发展的重要举措。营商环境对创业活动数量和质量的影响机制有何不同,是否存在一种或几种营商环境组态能够同时产生高创业数量和高创业质量,这是目前学界尚未厘清的问题。基于组态视角,本文采用NCA和QCA相结合的研究方法,以31个省份为研究案例,分别探究营商环境单个要素是否是产生高创业数量或创业质量的必要条件以及营商环境组态下产生高创业数量和创业质量的不同路径。结果发现:单个营商环境要素不构成高创业数量或高创业质量的必要条件,但提升人文环境对于高创业数量/高创业质量的产生发挥普适作用;产生高创业数量有1条驱动路径,即人文—市场驱动型;产生高创业质量有2条驱动路径,即人文—政务驱动型和人文—法律政策支持下市场驱动型;存在1种营商环境组态可以同时产生高创业数量和高创业质量,即高市场环境、高政务环境、高人文环境为核心条件,辅以非高法律政策环境为边缘条件。研究结果为揭示促使区域创业数量和质量协同发展、缩小区域间创业活动差异的营商环境组态实现路径提供理论指导。

There are differences between the quantity and quality of entrepreneurial activities in regions of China.Creating a business environment that stimulates the coordinated growth of the quantity and quality of entrepreneurial activities is an important measure to alleviate this difference and promote high-quality economic development.There are some problems to be clarified by the academic circles at present:what is the difference between the impact mechanisms of business environment on the quantity and quality of entrepreneurship?whether there is one or several business environment configurations that can produce huge entrepreneurial quantity and high entrepreneurial quality at the same time?Based on the perspective of configuration,it tested the hypothesis with the combined research method of NCA and QCA,taking 31 provinces in China as research cases,respectively,to explore whether a single element of the business environment is a necessary condition for huge entrepreneurial quantity or high entrepreneurial quality,as well as the different paths of them under the configuration of business environment.The results show that:a single business environment element is not necessary for huge entrepreneurial quantity or high entrepreneurial quality,but improving the human environment plays a universal role in generating them;there is a driving path for the huge entrepreneurial quantity,which is humanities-market-driven;there are two driving paths for high entrepreneurial quality,namely,humanities-government-driven and market-driven under the support of humanities-legal policies;there is one business environment configuration that produces huge entrepreneurial quantity and high entrepreneurial quality at the same time,that is,high market environment,high government affairs environment,high humanistic environment as the core condition,supplemented by non-high legal policy environment as the marginal condition.It provides theoretical guidance for revealing the realization path of the business environment configuration that promotes the coordinated development of the quantity and quality of regional entrepreneurship and narrows the differences in entrepreneurial activities among regions.