妨害安全驾驶罪的法教义学解释——基于积极刑法观的立场

The Legal Doctrinal Interpretation of the Crime of Endangering Safe Driving:A Perspective from the Positive Criminal Law

为了充分保护公共交通领域的安全,《刑法修正案(十一)》新设了妨害安全驾驶罪。该罪的设立体现了积极刑法观的立场,不仅能有效抑制司法实践扩张适用以危险方法危害公共安全罪的趋势,也有利于严密刑事法网,因而具有立法的必要性。从性质上而言,妨害安全驾驶罪虽然规定了“危及公共安全”的要素,但这一要素只是对行为性质的限定,因而该罪实质上属于准抽象危险犯。基于以上理解,解释论上应扩张解释妨害安全驾驶罪的构成要件要素,以体现设立轻罪的意义。从罪数关系来说,妨害安全驾驶罪与以危险方法危害公共安全罪是基本法与补充法的关系,司法机关应从行为性质与结果危险两个方面,严格限制以危险方法危害公共安全罪的成立范围,以此来体现设立妨害安全驾驶罪的意义。

In order to fully protect people's safety in public transportation,the crime of endangering safe driving has been newly established in the Amendment XI to the Criminal Law.Its establishment is out of necessity and reflects the view of positive criminal law,for it not only prevents the trend in the judicial practice of expanding the interpretation of public security law by using expressions like"endangering public security in a dangerous way,"but also is conducive to densifying the net of criminal law.However,this crime is in nature still abstract,though it contains the element of"endangering public safety,"which only limits the nature of act.Therefore,its doctrinal interpretation should expand its constituent elements so as to reflect its significance as a misdemeanor.For example,the"violence"in the paragraph of the Amendment XI should be interpretated broadly,including all illegal physical attacks.Then,in its relation to the crime of endangering public safety with dangerous methods,it is fundamental,while the latter is supplementary,and shall be strictly qualified both in the nature of act and in the resulted danger.