战国时期巴蜀文化双戈戟形符号的考察

A Study on the Ba-Shu Emblem of Double-Daggeraxe Halberd in Warring States Period

巴蜀文化中双戈戟形符号出现于战国中晚期,流行时间较短。双戈戟形符号应是对双戈戟的摹写,在战国中、晚期与多戈戟实物的流行相始终。双戈戟形符号只见于铜剑与铜矛上,与■、■、■等符号构成专属性组合。此符号的使用者有巴人,也有蜀人,很可能不是“族”的标志或个人的名号。多数器物的符号组合数量较多,其表达的含义比较复杂。这类符号组合有明显的组合次序,有其内在的逻辑性。巴蜀符号组合应该具备有超越图语作为文字的功能。

Based on the collation of 6 bronze swords and 14 spears from the Ba-Shu culture in the Warring States period which contain the emblems of double-daggeraxe halberd,this article tries to date them and deems that they appeared in the middle and late Warring States period and prevailed for a short time.The emblem of double-daggeraxe halberd should be the counterdrawing of the double-daggeraxe halberd which was popular in the Chu cultural area and spreads to the Ba-Shu cultural area in the Warring States period.Its prevalence was contemporaneous with the physical double-daggeraxe halberd during the middle and late Warring States period.The emblems of double-daggeraxe halberd discovered so far only appear on the bronze swords and spears,in exclusive combination with emblems of■,■and■,etc.These emblems are likely to be related to some characteristics of the pictographic objects.They were used by both the Ba and Shu people,therefore might not be the symbol of a certain clan or person.Most combinations which contain the emblem of double-daggeraxe halberd consist of more than 6 emblems with a maximum of 16,expressing complex meanings.Emblems in such combination were arranged in apparent orders,strongly suggesting the internal logic within the combination of emblems and that the meaning of an emblem was related to the others before/after(or below/above)it.In conclusion,the combination of Ba-Shu emblems should have functioned as characters rather than just graphic language,which plays a positive role in promoting the understanding of the nature of Ba-Shu emblems.