铁路通关便利化互联互通框架研究

Research on Interconnection Framework to Facilitate Railway Customs Clearance

根据《全球贸易安全与便利标准框架》,铁路通关便利的治理范围从关注口岸,前推后移至“入境前—口岸—出境”全过程,核心是实现数据流与业务流、物流的同步推进。为促进铁路通关便利,针对铁路跨境互操作需要,选取铁路口岸技术应用、跨境多式联运及旅客联程运输、政府间铁路国际合作3个场景,分析并精简适于技术、交付和政策3个层面互联互通的便利化框架,并验证可行性和有效性。此外,为满足实施需要,通过领域建模以近似自然语言的“4W1H”要素元模型,设计铁路跨境通关数据模型。在此基础上,设计主要基于公有云的跨境平台架构,结合近年来“关铁通”项目及部分国家(地区)的应用实例进行探讨。研究成果可以为“一带一路”铁路国际合作提供参考。

According to the SAFE Framework of Standards to Secure and Facilitate Global Trade(SAFE Framework), the governance scope of facilitating railway customs clearance expands from the mere focus on ports to the whole procedure across “pre-entry-port-exit”, with the emphasis on synchronous promotion of data flow, business flow, and logistics.To facilitate railway customs clearance and meet the needs of cross-border railway interoperability, this paper selected three scenarios, including the application of railway port technology, cross-border multimodal transport and intermodal passenger transport, and international railway cooperation between governments. Moreover, the facilitation framework was analyzed and simplified for the application to interconnected technology, delivery, and policy, and the feasibility and effectiveness of this framework were verified. Additionally, to fulfill implementation requirements, this paper utilized domain modeling to design the data model for cross-border railway customs clearance through the “4W1H” element metamodel which approximated the natural language expression. On this basis, this paper designed the cross-border platform architecture based on the public cloud and analyzed the cases of Customs-Train Operators Partnership(C-TOP)in some countries or regions. The research results can provide a reference for international railway cooperation under “ the Belt and Road Initiative”(BRI).