辽中南城市群暗夜公园选址分析

Siting analysis of dark sky park in Central and South Liaoning urban agglomeration

参考国际夜空保护协会公布的《国际暗夜公园项目指南》,结合辽中南城市群具体发展情况,构建暗夜公园选址指标评价体系,基于夜间灯光遥感数据、PM2.5数据及交通、人口与景区数据,运用渔网、可达性分析、特尔斐法等方法探讨了辽中南城市群建立暗夜公园的最适宜选址地点.结果表明:辽中南地区适宜建立暗夜公园的选址空间分布差异较大,呈现出较为明显的分区特征,南部地区选址适宜性高,中部地区次之,北部地区适宜性较低;其次,辽中南城市群暗夜公园以中等适宜性选址较多,高适宜性选址次之,低适宜性选址相对较少;对适宜选址区进一步划分等级,大连市、丹东市和盘锦市建设暗夜公园的潜力较大,可结合各城市发展特色对暗夜公园主题进行规划设计.

The starry sky is precious natural resource with multiple values. The aggravation of light pollution makes the dark sky resources continuously destroyed. The establishment of the dark sky park is an important measure to realize the protection of the starry sky. According to the International Dark-Sky Park Project Guide published by the International Dark-Sky Association, and based on the specific development of Central and South Liaoning urban agglomeration, this paper constructs the evaluation system of dark sky parks′ locations. Based on the data of NPP-VIIRS,PM2.5,transportation, population and scenic spots, using the methods of fishnet, accessibility analysis, spatial superposition analysis and Delphi to select the most suitable dark sky parks for the urban agglomeration in South Central Liaoning in order to protect and make effective use of precious dark sky resources. The results show that the spatial distribution of sites suitable for the establishment of dark sky park is quite different in Southern Liaoning Province, showing obvious zoning characteristics. The site selection suitability is high in the southern region, followed by the central region, and low in the northern region. Moreover, there are more sites with medium suitability for dark sky parks in Central and Southern Liaoning, followed by high suitability sites and less low suitability sites. Through further classification of the suitable sites, it is concluded that Dalian, Dandong and Panjin have great potential to construct dark sky park. According to the development characteristics of each city, the suitable site selection of dark sky park is divided into coastal(river) dark sky park area, mountain dark sky park area and special theme dark sky park for planning and designing. The research results of this paper are expected to provide method and theoretical reference for the establishment of dark sky parks in other areas.