志怪、齐谐之词义演化辨析

An Analysis of “Zhiguai” and “Qixie”’s Evolution of Word Meaning

志怪、齐谐这两个词的出现具有共时性、同构性。志怪一词在演化进程中,一方面,它由动宾短语转换成为命名书籍的专有名词,在词性、指称对象等层面上向齐谐趋近。另一方面,它与齐谐一词完成了切割、分离,生成了独有的语义形态和使用规律。志怪一词既指向具有怪异性质的知识要素,又用来拢括《搜神记》《酉阳杂俎》等特定的书籍;齐谐则仅仅用来代称具有怪异性质的知识要素。志怪多与搜神、传奇等词语关联,齐谐多与虞初、诺皋等词语关联,它们各自形成了特定的词汇体系和关系序列。志怪一词在衍变的过程中,始终葆有,甚至是强化、固化了它与具有怪异性质的知识要素之间的对应关系;齐谐一词则常常切断自身与具有怪异性质的知识要素之间的关联。近现代以来,志怪作为重要的术语,用来统称《搜神记》等记叙鬼神、妖孽的书籍,这正是志怪一词合逻辑的演化和发展。

The appearance of “Zhiguai” and “Qixie” is synchronic and isomorphic. In the process of evolution, on the one hand, the word “Zhiguai” has been transformed from a verb-object phrase to a proper noun for naming book, which tends to be homogeneous with “Qixie” in terms of part of speech, referent object and so on. On the other hand, it has been cut and separated from the word “Qixie”, resulting in a unique semantic form and usage law. The term “Zhiguai” refers both to knowledge elements with a bizarre nature and to specific books such as Search for the Supernatural and Miscellany of the Youyang Mountains, while “Qixie” is only used to refer to knowledge elements of a bizarre nature. “Zhiguai” is often associated with words such as “Soushen” and “Chuanqi”, while “Qixie” is mostly associated with words such as “Yuchu” and “Nuogao”. “Zhiguai”and “Qixie” each form a specific vocabulary system and relationship sequence. In the course of its evolution, the word “Zhiguai” has always remained, even strengthened and solidified the corresponding relationship between it and the knowledge elements with strange nature while the word “Qixie” often cuts itself off from its own relationship with the knowledge elements with strange nature. Since modern times, “Zhiguai” has been used as an important term to collectively refer to books about ghosts, gods and monsters such as Search for the Supernatural, which is the logical evolution and development of the term “Zhiguai”.