资本批判与时间解放——《资本论》的时间分析及其政治结论

Criticism of Capital and Liberation of Time:The Time Analysis of Capital and Its Political Conclusion

时间是马克思分析资本主义生产方式和社会关系的重要视角。《资本论》不仅基于时间分析资本的运动规律,而且基于时间分析资本的权力统治,《资本论》的时间分析既具有经济批判意义也具有政治批判意义。如果说资本主义的经济逻辑是将时间资本化以榨取劳动者的剩余劳动时间,那么资本主义的政治逻辑则是以资本化的时间统治劳动者的自由时间,构筑以必要劳动时间和剩余劳动时间的张力结构为载体的权力统治形式。马克思在以时间视角分析资本主义经济逻辑的同时,也将剩余劳动时间的政治批判意义纳入对资本主义政治逻辑的瓦解之中。《资本论》的政治结论蕴含在马克思对资本逻辑的时间分析之中,以时间解放为前提的人类解放是《资本论》时间分析的政治结论。

Capital not only analyzes the rules of capital movement,but also reveals the power rules of capital based on time.The time analysis of Capital has economic critique meanings and political critique meanings.The economic logic of capitalism is to extract the surplus labor time of laborers,and the political logic of capitalism is to rules the free time of laborers by constructing the social power which is based on the tension structure of necessary labor time and surplus labor time.While analyzing the economic logic of capitalism on the time scale,Marx included the political criticism of the surplus labor time into the disintegration of the political logic of capitalism.The political conclusion of Capital is contained in Marx’s time analysis of capital logic.The human liberation based on the premise of time liberation is the political conclusion of the time analysis of Capital.