1985—2020年滨州和东营海岸线时空演变分析

Analysis of the Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Coastlines of Binzhou and Dongying from 1985 to 2020

利用1985—2020年35年间的Landsat遥感影像数据,基于遥感和地理信息系统技术,以Google Earth高清影像为参考,完成对滨州市和东营市的8期海岸线数据提取,从海岸线长度变化强度、岸线多样性和综合利用程度等方面分析了海岸线时空变化特征和驱动因素。结果表明:研究区35年间的海岸线长度总体呈增长趋势,包括向海扩张和向陆缩减两种变化形式,主要表现为向海扩张。由于人为开发,35年间研究区的自然岸线比例逐年降低,人工岸线比例逐年增高;35年间研究区人工岸线类型中占比最多的是养殖围堤岸线,1985—2000年为研究区围海养殖扩张期,养殖围堤岸线长度增加较快;2005年以来港口和防波堤岸线快速增长。在黄河流路变迁和海岸侵蚀以及高强度人类活动的共同影响下,黄河口岸线变化呈明显的时空差异性。

Based on remote sensing(RS)and geographic information system(GIS),and referring to high-resolution images of Google Earth,Landsat remote sensing data of 35 years from 1985 to 2020 was used to complete the extraction of coastline information of Binzhou and Dongying for 8 phases,and then characteristics and driving factors of the temporal and spatial variation of the coastline were analyzed in terms of change intensity,diversity and comprehensive utilization.The results show that the length of coastline in the study area had shown an overall increasing trend over the past 35 years,in which two forms of change mainly involved,expansion toward the sea and shrinking toward the land,with the former being the main form.Due to anthropogenic perturbations,the study area had been suffering a dramatic loss of natural coastline,and its proportion had decreased,while the proportion of artificial coastline had seen a steady increase year by year.Sea reclamation accounted for the highest proportion of artificial coastline.The expansion period for aquaculture was from 1985 to 2000 in the study area,and the coastline occupied by sea reclamation increased rapidly,while the coastline occupied by coastal engineering projects,such as ports and breakwaters,had entered a stage of rapid growth since 2005.The morphological change of the coastline of the Yellow River Estuary showed significant temporal and spatial differences,comprehensively controlled by the evolution of the river course,the coastal erosion and the high-intensity human activities.