东江源区生态安全格局演变分析与评价

Analysis and Evaluation on Evolution of Ecological Security Pattern in Headwaters Region of the Dongjiang River

作为粤港澳大湾区所在的东江流域的源头,东江源生态环境功能受到政府和社会高度重视。基于生态学“源”“汇”景观理论,从维护生物多样性角度出发,使用地理信息系统、遥感技术,以最小累积阻力模型构建多时序的东江源区生态安全格局,引入重力模型和最小生成树原理分析生态安全格局内部连通性,继而提出针对性的优化措施。结果表明:三百山风景区所在的东江源中部生态源地较为稳定,东西两侧区域生态源地易受人为扰动,连通生态用地以提升整体生态功能是生态治理重点;东江源在21世纪初无力兼顾生态保护和经济发展,生态源地呈萎缩、破碎趋势,在2016年跨省流域治理生态补偿后有所好转。

The headwaters region of the Dongjiang River is the source of the Dongjiang River Basin where the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is located.Its ecological environment function is highly valued by the government and society.A method of constructing ecological landscape pattern using temporal remote sensing images was described.Based on the landscape theory of ecology,the temporal ecological security pattern of the headwaters region of the Dongjiang River was constructed with the minimum cumulative resistance model.Gravity models and minimum spanning trees were introduced to analyze connectivity within ecological security patterns for targeted optimization measures.The results show as follows.The ecological source area in the middle of the headwaters region of the Dongjiang River is relatively stable,while the ecological source area in the east and west sides is vulnerable to human disturbance.Therefore,strengthening the connection between broken habitats to improve the overall ecological function is the focus of ecological management.At the beginning of this century,the ecological protection and economic development of the headwaters region of the Dongjiang River are unbalanced.The ecological source area showed a shrinking and broken trend,but the situation improved after the ecological compensation of inter-provincial watershed management in 2016.