“趋粮化”抑或“非粮化”:粮食安全的张力及调适

“Food-oriented”or“non-grained”:The tension and adjustment of food security

基于多重制度逻辑的分析工具发现,国家与农民在围绕谁来种、种什么、怎么种与如何激励种粮上存在张力,张力的结果是农业妇女化、兼业化、“去粮化”、农业社会化服务推进难与种粮人相对贫困。国家遵循的是政治逻辑,目的是筑牢国家粮食安全防线,把中国人的饭碗牢牢端在自己手中。农民遵循的是经济逻辑,理性小农以家庭经济收益最大化为目标,种粮不能帮助农民实现“发家致富”。国家的“政府要粮”行为与“农民要钱”行为之间难以耦合,国家的政治逻辑存在单向性与单一性问题,忽视了农民的经济逻辑、需求层次逻辑、市场逻辑。因此,以市场逻辑调节国家政治逻辑与农民经济逻辑之间的张力,构建具有包容性的“一体两翼”的多重种粮逻辑关系,以协调多重逻辑(国家、农民、市场)的合力,实现国家的“种粮增产”,农民的“种粮增收”与“种粮致富”的双羸结果。

Analytical tools based on multiple institutional logics found that there is tension between the state and farmers over“who to plant,what to plant,how to plant and how to incentivize grain cultivation”,which caused feminization,multiple occupations and“non-grain-oriented”of agriculture.Therefore,it’s difficult to push ahead agricultural socialization services and solve the problem of farmers being relatively poor.The state follows political logic,the purpose is to build a strong national food security defense line,and firmly hold the Chinese people’s rice bowl in their own hands.The farmers follow economic logic.Rational small farmers aim at maximizing family economic benefits.Growing grain cannot help farmers to“get rich”.It’s difficult to couple the state’s demands of“asking for food”and farmers’“asking for money”.The un-directional and oneness issues in the political logic of the state ignore the economic logic,the logic of demand hierarchy and market logic of farmers.Therefore,to use the market logic to adjust the tension between the national political logic and the farmers’economic logic,and to construct an inclusive“one body two wings”multi-grain logic relationship is a way to coordinate the combined forces of multiple logics--state,farmers,and market,and to realize the win-win results of national goal“increasing production”and farmers’goals“increasing income”and“getting rich”.