交通发展、时空压缩与产业区位效应——以公路建设为例

Transport Development,Time-space Compression and Industrial Location Effect:Evidence from Highway Construction

本文通过对中国284个地级及以上地区制造业空间分布的研究,分析了交通发展促使时空压缩的产业区位效应,即中国不断改善的交通条件如何影响资源禀赋、市场潜力、集聚经济等区位因素在塑造经济空间中的作用及其变化。研究发现,交通发展会重塑地区间的产业竞争优势,可能率先导致劳动力等生产要素成本成为产业空间分布的离散力;在交通可达性提高到一定临界值之前,时空压缩使得在市场、产业基础等方面具有优势的地区对于产业布局吸引力进一步强化。但随着交通可达性的进一步提升,经济集聚所创造的市场、产业基础等优势会逐步弱化,进而成为产业布局的离散力。辩证地认识交通发展对地区内生异质性竞争优势的影响,能够为区域产业政策及协调发展政策的制定提供重要依据。

The purpose of this paper is to provide a dynamic perspective to understand the shaping mechanism of economic landscape,mainly to indicate the location effect of time-space compression derived from transport development,specifically on the nature,degree and its changes of location factors.Based on the 284 urban panel data,we analyzed the spatial distribution of manufacturing industries in China during 1997 to 2010,and it indicates that the role,nature and influence degree of location factors have different changing features with non-linear changes by adjusting transport development.Transport development will probably lead to the cost of production factors,such as labor force,as the dispersion force of industrial spatial distribution.Before accessibility increasing to a critical value,time-space compression makes the areas with advantages in the market and industry base further strengthen the attractiveness of the industrial location.But with the further transport development,the advantages created by original economic agglomeration had been weakening,while the negative effect had been strengthening,which would drive industries dispersion.In conclusion,transport development may reshape industrial competitive advantages among regions.It implies that we should dialectically understand the impact of transport infrastructure construction on the spatial decision-making of economic entities,which may help to understand the internal mechanism of the economic spatial pattern.