刑法象征性立法——批判与被批判的武器

Symbolic Legislation of Criminal Law:Weapon of and for Criticism

作为象征性立法的表现,刑法象征性立法的“姿态性”“安抚性”“情绪化”和“安全感”特征,直接源自立法的“虚幻性”或“空洞性”,但其实质根源是单纯的价值宣示性或信仰说教性。此表现与实质组合成刑法象征性立法的品相。一项刑法立法是否属于象征性立法的识别标准包括“现实可能性”的事实层面和“应受刑事处罚性”的实质层面两个维度。依此标准可妥当地判断国内外诸多刑法立法例是否象征性立法。新型犯罪自然要面对象征性立法问题,而避免象征性立法则有赖于采取面向实践的方案:结合程序性和实体性标准的合理入罪机制,同时顾及刑事政策。刑法象征性立法概念对于审视刑法立法包括新型犯罪立法构成了“批判的武器”和“被批判的武器”,故能够抑制过于积极的刑法立法观和过于积极的新型犯罪立法观。

As a manifestation of symbolic legislation,the characteristics of"posture","pacification","emotional"and"safety"of symbolic legislation of criminal law are directly derived from the"illusory"or"empty"of legislation.But its essential root is pure value declaration or belief preaching.This expression and substance combine to form the appearance of the symbolic legislation of criminal law.The criteria for identifying whether a criminal law legislation is symbolic legislation includes two dimensions:the factual level of"real possibility"and the substantive level of"criminal punishment".According to this standard,it can be properly judged whether many domestic and foreign criminal law legislations are symbolic legislation.The new type of crime naturally faces the problem of symbolic legislation,and avoiding symbolic legislation depends on adopting a practice-oriented approach:a reasonable criminalization mechanism that combines procedural and substantive standards,while taking into account criminal policy.The symbolic legislation concept of criminal law constitutes a"weapon of criticism"and a"weapon to be criticized"for examining criminal law legislation including new types of crime legislation,so it can restrain the overly positive view of criminal law legislation and the overly aggressive view of new crime legislation.