基于多指标综合加权法的细毡毛忍冬花蕾加工工艺研究

Study on processing technology of Lonicera similis floral bud by multi-index comprehensive weighting method

目的探讨加工工艺对细毡毛忍冬Lonicera similis花蕾品质的影响。方法对细毡毛忍冬花蕾的杀青时间、烘干温度和干燥方式设置15种不同处理方式,测定其粉末色度,钙、镁、磷、钾、铁、锌、硼、锰、镍和钼10种营养元素含量,砷、镉、铜、铅和汞5种重金属元素含量和绿原酸、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸C、木犀草苷、芦丁和马钱苷7种主要化学成分含量;采用加权评分法进行多指标综合评价。结果不同加工方法药材色泽差异大,其中不杀青直接40℃烘干和直接冷冻干燥2种方法色泽较佳,药材呈绿色,褐变指数分别为39.70%、40.00%;7个主要化学成分总量最高(144.70 mg/g)的加工方式是杀青10 min、80℃烘干,最低(48.10 mg/g)的加工方式是不杀青、60℃烘干;综合加权评分排在前3位的分别为杀青10 min、40℃烘干,杀青10 min、80℃烘干,杀青10 min、60℃烘干;加工因素对褐变指数的影响顺序为烘干温度>干燥方式>杀青时间,对元素含量的影响顺序为烘干温度>杀青时间>干燥方式,对主要化学成分的影响顺序为杀青时间>烘干温度>干燥方式。结论烘干温度对细毡毛忍冬花蕾的褐变程度和元素含量有显著影响,杀青时间对其有效成分含量有显著影响。细毡毛忍冬花蕾最适宜的产地加工方法为杀青10 min、40℃烘干。

Objective To investigate effects of different processing methods on the floral buds’quality of Lonicera similis.Methods The floral buds of L.similis were treated by 15 methods with different fixation times and drying methods.The powder chroma,contents of 10 nutrient elements including Ca,Mg,P,K,Fe,Zn,B,Mn and Mo,five heavy metal elements including As,Cd,Cu,Pb and Hg,and seven main chemical components including chlorogenic acid,isochlorogenic acid A,isochlorogenic acid B,isochlorogenic acid C,hibisin,rutin and loganin were determined.The multi-index comprehensive evaluation was carried out by weighted scoring method.Results Floral buds of L.similis processed by different methods showed significant differences in color.Those drying at 40℃without fixation or freeze-drying directly showed green color,and their browning index were 39.70%and 40.00%,respectively.Samples treated with10 min fixation and 80℃drying had the highest total content of the seven main chemical components(144.70 mg/g)while the ones dried directly at 60℃had the lowest(48.10 mg/g).The top 3 comprehensive weighted scores were 10 min fixation and 40℃drying,10 min fixation and 80℃drying,and 10 min fixation and 60℃drying,respectively.The influence order of processing factors on browning index was drying temperature>drying mode>fixation time;the influence order on element content was drying temperature>fixation time>drying mode;And the influence order on chemical components was fixation time>drying temperature>drying mode.Conclusion The browning index and element content of L.similis were significantly affected by drying temperature,while the content of chemical components was significantly affected by fixation time.The most suitable processing method for L.similis was 10 min fixation and 40℃drying.