金钗石斛多糖提取分离、结构解析及生物活性研究进展

Research progress on extraction and separation, structure analysis and biological activity of polysaccharides from Dendrobium nobile

金钗石斛Dendrobium nobile为传统中药材,具有益胃生津、滋阴清热等功效。系统总结了近年来金钗石斛多糖的提取分离、结构解析及生物活性的研究进展,发现其主要活性成分为多糖,提取方法主要有水提取、有机溶剂提取、超声波辅助提取、微波辅助提取和酶提取法等;多糖的单糖组成丰富,主要由阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖和甘露糖组成,还含有鼠李糖、甘露糖、木糖、半乳糖醛酸等;多糖具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、增强免疫力、保肝等生物活性,在药品、食品和保健品等方面具有极大的开发利用价值,今后应进一步加强其多糖提取、纯化方法优化,多糖高级结构和构效关系解析,以及关联药效作用机制阐释等方面研究,以促进金钗石斛多糖在功能性食品和药品中的开发利用。

Dendrobium nobile is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine and has been used for reinforcing the yin and protecting the stomach. Research progress on extraction and separation, structure analysis and biological activity of polysaccharides from D.nobile were summarized in this paper. Results showed that the polysaccharides were one of the main bioactive components of D. nobile.The extraction methods of polysaccharides include water extraction, organic solvent extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction,microwave-assisted extraction, and enzyme extraction. They were mainly composed of arabinose, glucose, galactose, mannose, and rhamnose, which exhibit diverse biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, enhancing immunity, and protecting the liver, etc. Thus, polysaccharides of D. nobile have excellent development value in medicine, food, and health products.More attention should be focused on the extraction and purification methods, advanced structures, and structure-activity relationship to provide references for in-depth understanding, exploitation, and utilization of these polysaccharides.