中药多糖防治骨质疏松症作用及机制的研究进展

Research progress on effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides in prevention and treatment of osteoporosis

骨质疏松症是一种进行性的全身骨骼疾病,其发病机制极为复杂。多糖是广泛存在于中药材中的生物大分子,具有多种药理活性。从基因、蛋白、体内外实验等多维度研究综述了中药多糖防治骨质疏松症的作用和机制,总结发现,中药多糖能够通过激活或/和抑制Wnt、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,Akt)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)、活化T细胞核因子(nuclear factor-activated T cell 1,NFATc1)、内质网应激(endoplasmic reticulum stress,ERS)、骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)/核因子-κB受体活化因子(receptor activator of NF-κB,RANK)/RANK配体(RANK ligand,RANKL)、Hippo(Hpo)、细胞外调节蛋白激酶(extracellular regulated protein kinases,ERK)/糖原合成酶激酶3β(glycogen synthase kinase 3β,GSK3β)/β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)、骨形态发生蛋白-2(bone morphogenetic protein-2,BMP-2)/Smads、细胞周期素D1蛋白(Cyclin D1)、核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor NF-E2-related factor 2,Nrf2)等多种信号通路,进而调节成骨细胞与破骨细胞之间的动态平衡,最终达到维持骨稳态、发挥防治骨质疏松症的目的。中药多糖因具有多靶点、不良反应小、来源广泛等优势,为骨质疏松症的预防和治疗带来了更多的可能。

Osteoporosis is a progressive systemic bone disease with extremely complex pathogenesis. Polysaccharides are biomacromolecules widely found in Chinese herbal medicines and possess a variety of pharmacological activities. In this paper, the effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides in prevention and treatment of osteoporosis from a multidimensional study of genes, proteins, and in vivo and in vitro experiments were reviewed. Traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides were able to prevent and treat osteoporosis by activating or/and inhibiting Wnt, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt), mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK), nuclear factor-activated T cell 1(NFATc1), endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS), osteoprotegerin(OPG)/receptor activator of NF-κB(RANK)/RANK ligand(RANKL), Hippo(Hpo),extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK)/glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK3β)/β-catenin, bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2)/Smads, Cyclin D1, nuclear factor NF-E2-related factor 2(Nrf2) and other signaling pathways, thus regulating the dynamic balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, ultimately achieving the purpose of maintaining bone homeostasis, preventing and treating osteoporosis. In conclusion, traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides have brought more possibilities for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis due to their advantages of multi-targeting, low side effects and wide sources.