加拿大失业保险逆周期调节机制研究

Research on Canada’s Employment Insurance System and its Counter-cyclical Adjustment Mechanism

加拿大就业保险制度不仅实现了从事后消极的失业补偿向事前积极的就业促进的转变,而且建立了较为完善且颇具特色的逆周期调节机制。加拿大就业保险需求侧逆周期调节机制主要体现在待遇领取条件、领取期限、领取金额均与失业率密切相关,供给侧逆周期调节机制主要体现在动态调整缴费和工作分享计划。逆周期调节措施提高了加拿大就业保险的受益面和支出金额,促进了从消极的失业保障向积极的就业保障转变,发挥了收入再分配的功能,逆周期调节效果良好。但是加拿大就业保险待遇水平与受益率有待提高,待遇水平与失业率相关联也阻碍了劳动力流动,造成了地区之间的不公平,还需进一步改革完善。最后,本文从长效机制、基金精算制度、定期评估机制三方面就完善我国失业保险逆周期调节机制提出了相关建议。

Canada’s Employment insurance system realized the shift from the passive unemployment compensation to the active employment promotion and established the integrated counter-cyclical adjustment mechanism with distinguishing features.In the demand-side,the counter-cyclical adjustment mechanism features in the eligibility criteria,duration and the level of benefits being closely linked with the unemployment rate.Inthe supply-side,the counter-cyclical adjustment mechanisms include the dynamic adjusting contribution rate and the shared work plans.Both the demand-side and supply-side of the counter-cyclical adjustment mechanisms work well by increasing the expenditure and coverage rate,promoting a shift from passive unemployment compensation to active employment security,therefore,taking a role in redistributing the income.However,it is needed for the Canada’s employment insurance to increase the benefit level and its coverage rate,and further reform is also needed to eliminate the obstacle of labor mobility due to the close linkage between the benefit level and unemployment rate,resulting in unfairness between different regions.Finally,this article put forward some relevant recommendations from such three aspects as the long-term mechanism,the fund actuarial system,and the regular evaluation mechanism.