生物有机肥对毛竹林笋竹生长及土壤养分的影响

Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer on Culm/Shoot Growth and Soil Nutrient of Phyllostachys edulis Forest

在福建省建瓯市房道镇开展了毛竹笋竹两用丰产林的生物有机肥应用研究。结果表明,在当前立地条件下,连续施用2年生物有机肥和实施竹林标准化培育措施,明显增加研究区毛竹的新竹、冬笋和春笋产量,有效提高竹林生产能力。有机肥施肥区(埂尾区、吴大元区)新竹产量是不施肥对照区的1.94~2.21倍,其冬笋和春笋总产量则比同期常规复合肥施肥区增加28.9%;埂尾区和吴大元区竹笋产量比施肥管理前分别增产138.2、127.9 kg/667 m^(2),增长率相应达43.1%、40.2%。沿水平等高线开沟施用生物有机肥的方式,具有改善土壤综合肥力、减少养分流失和环境污染风险的作用,以碱解氮和速效钾含量增加最明显,碱解氮增长率达38.4%(埂尾区)、31.9%(吴大元区),速效钾增长率达35.7%(埂尾区)、24.3%(吴大元区);同时,竹林科学管理促进了竹笋粗蛋白和可溶性糖含量提高、粗脂肪含量降低,竹笋营养品质和质量安全保持良好状况。因此,加强竹林标准化丰产培育和因地制宜地科学施肥,有利于促进毛竹林可持续经营和综合效益提升。

Bio-organic fertilizer is applied in shoot and culm production stand of Phyllostachys edulis in Jian’ou City, Fujian Province, to understand its effect on shoot and culm yields. The results show that the 2-consecutive-year application of bio-organic fertilizer plus standardized cultivation measures under current site conditions would substantially increase the yields of new bamboo culms, winter bamboo shoots and spring bamboo shoots, and thus effectively improve the production capacity of the bamboo forest. The new bamboo culm yield in organic fertilizer application area(Gengwei area and Wudayuan area) are 1.94-2.21 times higher than that in non-application area(control area), and the total yield of bamboo shoots increases by 28.9% compared to that in compound fertilization area at the same period. The bamboo shoot yields in Gengwei area and Wudayuan area increase by 138.2 kg/667 m^(2) and 127.9 kg/667 m^(2), respectively, compared with that before fertilizer application, with the growth rates at 43.1% and 40.2%. The application of bio-organic fertilizer along the horizontal contour could improve the comprehensive fertility of soil, and reduce the risk of nutrient loss and environmental pollution. The contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium increase the most obviously. The growth rates of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen are 38.4%(Gengwei area) and 31.9%(Wudayuan area), and the growth rates of available potassium are 35.7%(Gengwei area) and 24.3%(Wudayuan area). In the meanwhile, the science-based management of bamboo forest has resulted in the increase content of crude protein and soluble sugar and the decrease content of crude fat in bamboo shoots, and ensured good nutrition and quality of bamboo shoots. Therefore, strengthening the standardized high-yield cultivation of bamboo forest and applying fertilizer in light of local condition will be conducive to promoting the sustainable management and comprehensive benefits of bamboo forest.