美国出口管制科学仪器技术分类研究

Research on Classification of Scientific Instruments and Technologies in The Commerce Control List of US Export Control

在中美贸易冲突的背景下,美国为首的发达国家以立法形式限制关键核心技术向我国出口,美国出台的《商业管制清单》等文件包含了大量对技术、设备和产品的出口限制,涉及重要的科学仪器及其相关的零部件。本文以美国“两用”物品的商业管制清单(The Commerce Control List,CCL)为分析对象,以中国科学仪器分类为标准,将CCL中的内容与国内科学仪器的分类进行对比。通过对CCL的计量分析,揭示发现中国科学仪器领域相关技术受美国管制的形势非常严峻,有42.08%的清单条款涉及对科学仪器的管制。在十二个科学仪器的分类中,分析仪器、工艺实验设备、电子测量仪器等是受管制范围较广的领域,激光器、核仪器是传统受到管制的领域,医学诊断仪器、大气探测仪器等受管制范围较小。在分析的基础上为我国科学仪器的发展提出了分类应对、坚定走自主研发道路等建议。

Under the background of China-US trade embargo,a series of external technical threats are increasingly prominent in China,which affects a variety of fields such as economics,military,politics etc.Developed countries,led by the United States,restrict the export of key core technologies to China through Export Control.The commerce control list(CCL)issued by the United States contains export restrictions on a large number of technologies,equipment and products,including important scientific instruments and their related parts.This paper compares the contents of the CCL with the classification of domestic scientific instruments,taking the commercial control list as object text,and taking the classification of scientific instruments in China as standards.Through text mining and clustering,the analysis of the technology of export control list is carried out.Then,the distribution of the control situation of the United States in each type of scientific instrument and technology is analyzed.It is found that 42.08%of the list items are related to the control of scientific instruments,suggesting serious situation for the field of scientific instruments in China.Among the 12 categories of scientific instruments,Analytical Instruments,Process Experimental Equipments,Electronic Measuring Instruments,etc.are subject to a wide range of control.Medical Diagnostic Instruments,Atmospheric Detection Instruments are controlled slightly.On the basis of the analysis,this paper puts forward some suggestions for the development of scientific instruments in China.