上海市积极老龄化的实践与启示

Practice and Enlightenment of Active Aging in Shanghai City

中国是当今世界上人口老龄化最为快速、老龄人口规模最大的发展中国家,这也是新时代我国经济社会发展长期面临的最大挑战与常态性特征。《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和二○三五年远景目标纲要》(以下简称“十四五”规划纲要)首次明确提出的“实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略”,实际上是积极老龄化在我国国家层面上的全面部署。作为积极应对人口老龄化的公共政策理念,积极老龄化既涉及现代公民社会权利的实现问题,也涉及老龄群体作为稀缺社会资源的充分利用问题。从我国地区层面来看,人口深度老龄化的上海市,已成为开展积极老龄化实践的重要样本城市,其在养老保障、养老服务、老年医疗、老年教育等方面践行积极老龄化理念,取得了一定成效,也在人口老龄化应对策略、积极老龄化推进约束、积极老龄化责任主体明确、老年人群优势发掘、养老服务新格局构建等方面提供了有益启示。

China is the developing country with the fastest aging population and the largest elderly population in the world today, which is also the biggest challenge and normal feature that China’s economic and social development in the new era will face for a long time. "Implementing the national strategy of active responding to population aging" proposed by the outline of the 14 th Five-Year Plan is actually the comprehensive deployment of active aging at the national level in China. As a public policy concept that actively responds to population aging, active ageing involves both the realization of rights in modern civil society and the full utilization of aging groups as scarce social resources. From the perspective of China’s regional level, Shanghai, with a deeply aging population, has become an important sample city for the practice of active aging and achieved certain results in practising the concept of active aging in terms of pension security, pension services, medical care for the elderly and education for the elderly. At the same time, Shanghai has also provided useful enlightenment in coping strategies for population aging, the promotion and restraint of active aging, the responsibility identification of active aging, the exploration of the advantages of the elderly and the construction of a new pattern of elderly care services.