相对贫困标准与人口识别:地方实践与政策启示

Relative Poverty Criteria and Population Identification: Local Practice and Policy Implications

缓解相对贫困,是打赢脱贫攻坚战后迈向共同富裕必须直面的议题。建立解决相对贫困长效机制的首要任务是制定相对贫困标准。基于对国内外相关研究和国内部分地区相对贫困治理实践的梳理,论述了未来我国相对贫困标准及人口识别需要从五方面着力:相对贫困线的划定充分尊重区域性和差异化,构建多维相对贫困人口识别机制,梯度推进城乡一体的相对贫困治理体制,瞄准重点人群,构建大数据支持服务平台。同时指出,在当前贫困终结话语体系下,相对贫困治理需与巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果、乡村振兴战略、低收入人口常态化帮扶、最低生活保障制度等政策体系相衔接,切实推动中国反贫困治理实现新突破。

Alleviating relative poverty is an issue that must be faced to move towards common prosperity after winning the war against poverty. The primary task of establishing long-term mechanism to solve relative poverty is to establish relative poverty standard. Based on the combination of relevant domestic and foreign poverty research and relative poverty management practices in some regions of China, this paper discusses China’s relative poverty standards and population identification in the future, and the following five aspects need to be paid attention to: the determination of the relative poverty line fully respects regionalism and differentiation, establish a multi-dimensional mechanism for identifying relative poor people, promote the integrated urban and rural relative poverty management system on a gradient basis, target key groups, and build a service platform supported by big data. At the same time, it is pointed out that under the current discourse system of ending poverty, relative poverty governance needs to be linked with policy systems such as consolidating and expanding poverty alleviation achievements, rural revitalization strategy, regular assistance for low-income population, and minimum living guarantee system, so as to effectively push China’s anti-poverty governance to achieve new breakthroughs.