发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈幼鱼生长、饲料利用和消化酶活力的影响

Effects of fermented soybean meal replacing of fish meal on the growth, feed utilization and digestive enzyme activity of juvenile largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)

为研究发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈生长、饲料效率、表观消化率和消化酶活力的影响,以枯草芽孢杆菌有氧发酵豆粕替代部分鱼粉配置5组等氮、等能的实验饲料。发酵豆粕的添加量为0%(FM组)、10%(FSM10组)、15%(FSM20组)、20%(FSM30组)、25%(FSM40组),分别替代0%、10%、20%、30%、40%的鱼粉。初始体质量(19.83±0.33) g的大口黑鲈,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,每天饲喂2次(7:00和17:00),养殖75 d。结果显示:各组饲料系数无显著性差异,FSM20和FSM30组的均末重和特定生长率显著高于其他各组;各组蛋白质效率无显著性差异,FSM组的摄食量显著高于FM组,FSM40组的蛋白质沉积率和脂肪沉积率显著低于其他组;各组全鱼粗蛋白无显著性差异,在FSM20组出现最大值;FSM组的全鱼粗脂肪显著低于FM组;各组之间的蛋白质消化率和脂肪消化率无显著性差异,FSM30和FSM40的干物质表观消化率显著低于其他组;低于15%(FSM20组)替代,FSM组与FM组的蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力无显著差异。

In order to study the effects of fermented soybean meal replacing of fish meal on the growth, feed utilization, apparent digestibility and digestive enzyme activity of largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides), we employed soybean meal with aerobic fermentation by Bacillus subtilis as a partial substitute for fish meal with equal nitrogen and equal energy. 0%(FM group), 10%(FSM10 group), 15%(FSM20 group), 20%(FSM30 group) and 25%(FSM40 group) of fermented soybean were respectively used for replacing 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% fish meal. Largemouth bass, initial weight,(19.83±0.33)g were randomly divided into 5 groups, each group had 3 replicates and every replicate contained 30 fish. The largemouth bass were fed twice a day(7:00 and 17:00) for 75 days. The results showed that: there were no significant differences in the feed coefficients of five groups(P>0.05), however, the final average weight and specific growth rate of FSM20 and FSM30 groups were significantly higher than those of other groups(P<0.05);proteins efficiency of each group showed no significant differences(P>0.05), the food intake of FSM groups were significantly higher than that of the FM groups(P<0.05), and the protein deposition rate and fat deposition rate of the FSM40 group were significantly lower than those of the other groups(P<0.05);there were no significant differences in whole fish crude protein in each group, and the maximum value appeared in FSM20 group(P<0.05), and crude fat of whole fish in FSM groups was significantly lower than that in FM groups(P<0.05);there were no significant differences in protein digestibility and fat digestibility between all the groups(P>0.05),and apparent digestibility of dry matter of FSM30 and FSM40 were significantly lower than that of other groups(P<0.05);there were no significant differences in the activities of protease, amylase and lipase between the FSM groups and the FM groups while fermented soybean meal was less than 15%.