中国与东盟南海海上搜救合作的特点

China-ASEAN Cooperation in Maritime Search and Rescue in the South China Sea

中国与东盟国家在南海海上搜救合作方面取得了一定进展,但也存在很多不足。双方的搜救合作具有一定的法理基础,但规范性、强制性、广泛性不够;合作内容和形式较为多样,但全方位、多领域的合作较为缺乏,制度化程度、合作深度不足;参与态度中方“一头热”,东盟各国积极性不高。南海复杂的航行条件、搜救能力的整体不足、东盟固有合作机制的特性、对搜救合作的需求差异、南海存在的“主权”争议、域外大国的介入是当前南海海上搜救合作困境的形成原因。

Although China and ASEAN have made some progress in maritime search and rescue(SAR)cooperation in the South China Sea,there are still many aspects needing to be improved. In spite of the legal basis of the SAR cooperation,it has not been normative,obligatory or extensive enough. The content and forms are diverse,but the all-round and multi-field cooperation is relatively lacking. Meanwhile,the degree of institutionalization and the depth of cooperation remain low. Compared to China’s active participation,ASEAN countries appear less enthusiastic. The current obstacles include the complex navigation conditions,the overall lack of SAR capabilities,the characteristics of ASEAN’s inherent cooperation mechanism,the difference in demand for SAR cooperation,the unsolved“sovereignty”disputes in the South China Sea and the interference by external powers.