应对东北地区乡村人口生育问题的政策规制研究

Research on Policy Regulation to Alleviate the Fertility Problem of the Rural Population in Northeast China

通过对历次人口普查和1%人口抽样调查数据的梳理发现,进入21世纪以后由于总和生育率下降和人口外流,东北地区乡村人口快速下降。而现行生育政策在顶层设计、政策设计的针对性、政策执行等方面存在不足,难以改变东北地区乡村人口生育困境。因此,在宏观层面要完善东北地区乡村生育政策顶层设计,健全和改善生育政策的执行,在具体生育政策领域中要继续放开生育限制;要构建以家庭为基础的生育支持政策,减轻生育、养育和教育成本;而扩大社会保障制度等,是对现行生育政策的完善与创新的必然选择。

By analyzing the data of previous population censuses and sampling surveys of 1 percent of the population, it can be found that since the new century, the rural population in Northeast China has decreased rapidly due to the decline in the total fertility rate and population outflow. However, the current fertility policy has deficiencies in top-level design, the effectiveness of policy design and policy implementation, which is difficult to resolve the fertility dilemma of rural areas in Northeast China. Therefore, at the macro level,improvements should be made in the top-level design of rural fertility policy in the Northeast region and the implementation of fertility policy, and more restrictions need to be lifted in specific fertility policies. Besides,build a family-based fertility support policy to reduce the cost of fertility, parenting and education, and expand the social security system. All these efforts are inevitable for the upgradation and innovation of the current fertility policy.