1490名社区居民对胃癌风险因素认知水平及影响因素分析

Awareness of risk factors for gastric cancer among residents

目的了解石家庄市社区居民对胃癌风险因素认知情况及其影响因素。方法2020年10月16日至11月17日,采用方便抽样法在石家庄市新华区和裕华区抽取年龄>18岁的常住居民进行面对面问卷调查了解其对胃癌风险因素的认知情况。对1490名调查对象的人口学特征和胃癌风险因素的知晓率进行频数和百分比的描述,并采用多元线性回归模型分析胃癌风险因素认知水平的影响因素。结果调查对象男性占35.0%(522名),女性占65.0%(968名)。胃癌风险因素知识得分为5.0(1.0,11.0)分,57.0%(849/1490)的居民胃癌风险因素知识得分处于低水平。居民知晓率较高的风险因素包括不规律饮食(47.4%,706/1490),经常吃腌制食物(45.2%,674/1490),经常吃烟熏食物(45.0%,671/1490);居民知晓率较低的风险因素包括缺乏运动(14.8%,221/1490),男性(17.3%,258/1490),老年(19.5%,291/1490);居民对幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染是胃癌风险因素的知晓率仅为26.8%(400/1490)。单因素分析结果显示,不同文化程度(Z=39.34)、婚姻状况(Z=53.31)、月收入(Z=11.82)、家人或朋友是否患有胃部疾病(H=-2.98)和胃癌家族史(H=-2.34)的居民对胃癌风险因素认知得分差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,相比于小学及以下学历的居民,初中、高中或中专、大学学历的居民胃癌风险因素认知得分较高(β=0.27,P<0.001;β=0.23,P<0.001;β=0.16,P<0.001);相比于未婚居民,已婚、离异或丧偶的居民胃癌风险因素认知得分较高(β=0.16,P<0.001;β=0.05,P=0.039;β=0.06,P=0.027);相比于月收入<3000元的居民,月收入5000~10000元的居民胃癌风险因素认知得分较高(β=0.07,P=0.020);相比于没有胃癌家族史的居民,有胃癌家族史的居民胃癌风险因素认知得分较高(β=0.06,P=0.029)。结论石家庄市>18岁社区居民的胃癌风险因素认知严重不足;应积极开展健康教育活动提高居民对胃癌风险因素的认知,采取有针对性的干预措施改变居民不良生活方式。

Objective To survey the awareness status of risk factors for gastric cancer and related factors among residents in Shijiazhuang city.Methods From October to November 2020,residents aged>18 years were selected through convenience sampling from Xinhua District and Yuhua District in Shijiazhuang for a face-to-face questionnaire survey.The demographic characteristics and awareness levels of risk factors for gastric cancer among 1490 subjects were analyzed.The multivariate linear regression model was applied to analyze the related factors.Results There were 522 male participants(35.0%)and 968 female participants(65.0%).The mean knowledge score of risk factors of gastric carcinoma in the respondents was 5.0(1.0,11.0).There were 57.0%(849/1490)of the participants who had a low knowledge level about risk factors of gastric cancer.The more highly recognized risk factors were irregular diet(47.4%,706/1490),consumption of pickled foods(45.2%,674/1490),consumption of smoked foods(45.0%,671/1490);the less-recognized risk factors included physical inactivity(14.8%,221/1490),male sex(17.3%,258/1490)and older age(19.5%,291/1490).Only 26.8%(400/1490)of the participants regarded H.pylori infection as a risk factor of gastric cancer.Univariate analysis showed that educational level(Z=39.34),marital status(Z=53.31),monthly income(Z=11.82),family member or friend ever having stomach problem(H=-2.98),and family history of gastric cancer(H=-2.34)were significantly associated with the knowledge score of risk factors for gastric cancer(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that compared to participants with educational levels of primary school or below,those with educational level of junior high school(β=0.27,P<0.001),high school(β=0.23,P<0.001),or college(β=0.16,P<0.001)had a higher levels of knowledge of risk factors for gastric cancer;compared to unmarried participants,awareness of risk factors was significantly better in those who were married(β=0.16,P<0.001),divorced(β=0.05,P=0.039),or widowed(β=0.06,P=0.027);compared to participants with monthly income<3000 yuan,the subjects with monthly income from 5000 to 10000 yuan(β=0.07,P=0.020)had a higher knowledge score;compared to participants with no family history of gastric cancer,subjects with family history had higher knowledge level of risk factors for gastric cancer(β=0.06,P=0.029).Conclusion The knowledge levels of risk factors for gastric cancer are generally low among residents in Shijiazhuang city.Educational initiatives are required to improve the awareness of risk factors for gastric cancer,and interventions need to be implemented concurrently to change unhealthy behaviors among residents in Shijiazhuang city.