北方地区出土先秦时期原始瓷产地再论-从装烧工艺的角度

Reanalysis of the Provenance of Proto-Porcelain from Northern China during the Pre-Qin Period: a Perspective on the Loading and Burning Process

北方地区出土先秦时期原始瓷器,无论平底器还是圈足器,在平底的一侧或圈足端均存在生烧现象,这种生烧特征是在战国大型支烧具出现之前、斜坡状龙窑中着地烧造所特有的现象。龙窑是南方地区起源并独具特色的窑炉形态,自夏商时期开始出现,一直延续到近现代,而北方地区在北朝晚期至隋唐时期始用馒头窑烧造高温瓷器。因此从装烧工艺与南北方窑炉形态的差别来看,北方地区出土的先秦时期原始瓷应该是南方龙窑炉烧造的产物。

Proto-porcelain wares of the pre-Qin period excavated in northern China,including both flat-bottomed and ring-footed vessels,bear the characteristic that one side of the flat bottom or the ring foot is under-sintered.This characteristic suggests that those porcelain wares were fired inside sloping dragon kilns before the emergence of big supporting wares during the Warring States period.Dragon kiln is a specific type of kiln originated in southern China,which were used from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties through modern times.Dome-shaped kiln for firing porcelain wares with a high temperature only appeared in northern China no earlier than the Northern Dynasties,Sui,and Tang eras.Therefore,the difference between the loading and burning process as well as the types of kilns employed suggests that the pre-Qin proto-porcelain wares from northern China were probably products of dragon kilns in the South.