我国海鲈产业发展现状及对策分析

Investigation and Analysis on the Current Status of China′s Sea Bass Industry

为促进我国海水鱼产业的高质量可持续发展,文章基于线上调研结果,分析我国海鲈产业发展现状及其存在的问题,并提出对策建议。研究结果表明:2009-2019年我国海鲈养殖产量呈现上升趋势,主要分布在广东、福建和山东等地区,其中2019年广东的产量超过50%;生产者主要是传统的养殖户和养殖企业,并已形成若干龙头企业;池塘养殖具有一定的成本优势,养殖成本主要取决于饲料成本和可变成本;海鲈养殖的收益较低,大规模池塘养殖和普通+深水网箱养殖的收益空间较大;销售价格提高会显著提高养殖收益,而各项成本提高会降低养殖收益;针对我国海鲈产业在市场价格、产业链和产品附加值等方面存在的不足,应进一步优化产业结构、创新经营体制、加快加工和物流等相关产业建设以及加强技术攻关力度。

In order to promote high-quality sustainable development of China′s sea bass industry, this paper analyzed the status and existing problems of China′s sea bass industry based on online survey results and put forward countermeasures. The results showed that the production of sea bass in China showed an upward trend from 2009 to 2019, mainly distributed in Guangdong, Fujian and Shandong, of which the production of Guangdong exceeded 50% in 2019. The producers were mainly traditional farmers and breeding enterprises. A number of leading enterprises had been formed. Pond culture had a certain cost advantage and its cost mainly depended on the feed cost and variable cost. Although the income of sea bass culture was relatively low, the income space of large-scale pond culture and ordinary + deep-water cage culture was large. The increase of sales price would significantly increase the breeding income while the increase of various costs would reduce the breeding income. In view of the shortcomings of China′s sea bass industry in terms of market price, industrial chain and product added value, the industrial structure should be further optimized, the management system be innovated, the construction of related be sped up and technical research be strengthened.