贝类神经内分泌系统对免疫应答的调节机制

Regulatory mechanism of neuroendocrine system on immune response in molluscs:a review

神经内分泌系统在生物体的代谢、生长、发育、生殖及免疫等生命过程中发挥重要的调节作用。神经内分泌系统和免疫系统构成的互惠性调节关系已成为近年来神经学、内分泌学、生理学、免疫学乃至医学等研究领域的热点。近年来,无脊椎动物神经内分泌系统的结构和功能及其免疫调节机制引起了广泛关注。贝类是真体腔原口动物,其适应性强、分布广且进化地位特殊,尚未分化出完整的神经和内分泌器官,但具备了合成和释放儿茶酚胺、乙酰胆碱、脑啡肽、一氧化氮、谷氨酸和皮质醇等的分子基础,是研究无脊椎动物神经内分泌系统起源与进化的关键类群。本文系统综述了贝类神经内分泌系统的分子组成、激活机制及其对免疫应答的调节作用等方面的研究进展,并提出其结构特征、功能作用、调节机制及进化意义等方面是该领域未来的研究重点,以期为深入了解神经内分泌系统的进化及神经内分泌免疫系统在贝类环境适应中的作用提供参考。

The neuroendocrine system plays an important regulatory role in the metabolism,growth,development,reproduction and immunity response of animals.The reciprocal regulatory relationship between the neuroendocrine system and the immune system has been increasingly concerned in the fields of neurology,endocrinology,physiology,immunology and even medicine in recent years.Recently,the structure and function of the neuroendocrine system and its immunomodulatory mechanisms in invertebrates have attracted attention.Molluscs are eucoelomatous animals with abundant diversity,strong adaptability and wide distribution.It is found that molluscs have not yet differentiated into nerve and endocrine organs,but have evolved molecular mechanism similar to the neuroendocrine immune system in vertebrates,which can be a vital model to study the origin and evolution of invertebrate neuroendocrine system.This paper describes the molecular composition and activation mechanism of the molluscan neuroendocrine system and its regulatory effect on the immune response,proposes that the structure,function,regulation mechanism and evolutionary significance of molluscan neuroendocrine system remains significantly concern in the future research,aiming to provide reference for further understanding the evolution of neuroendocrine system and NEI-mediated environmental adaptation mechanism in molluscs.