中国共产党处理农民与土地关系的百年实践与启示——从乡村振兴战略的视角谈起

One Century Practice and Enlightenment of the Communist Party of China Handling the Relationship Between Farmers and the Land

建党100年来,中国共产党牢记初心使命,始终把农民与土地关系视为解决农村问题的关键抓手。在新民主主义革命时期,中国共产党对农民与土地关系问题的解决成为党把乡村群众引入中国政治舞台的前提,改变了农民“一盘散沙”的传统局面,从而保证了中国新民主主义革命的胜利;在社会主义革命和建设时期,正确解决农民与土地关系问题成为贯穿保障新中国农村经济社会发展的主脉,中国共产党通过土地改革使农民在经济、政治上得到彻底翻身,进而通过农业合作化与人民公社化运动,带领农民走上了集体化道路;在改革开放时期,农民与土地关系成为开启中国农村改革的金钥匙,成为引领中国特色社会主义初级阶段农村改革的重要抓手;在新时代,农民与土地关系又是实施乡村振兴战略的主线,对这一问题的解决吹响了发展乡村、振兴乡村的号角。中国共产党处理农民与土地关系的百年实践带来的深刻启迪是:尊重农民主体地位,坚持农村土地集体所有,重塑农民与土地关系,是今后解决农民的生存、保障和发展问题的必然逻辑,是实现乡村振兴战略的核心问题所在。

In the past 100 years the Communist Party of China has always stayed true to its original aspiration and mission,and regarded the relationship between farmers and the land as the key leverage for solving the rural problems.In the period of the new-democratic revolution,the Party's having solved the problem of the relationship between farmers and the land became a premise for its introducing rural masses into Chinese political stage,which changed the traditional state of farmers'disunity and then guaranteed the victory of Chinese new-democratic revolution.In the period of socialist revolution and construction,solving the problem of the relationship between farmers and the land correctly became the main vein running through the guarantee of economic and social development of rural areas of New China.The Party made farmers turned around completely in economy and politics through the land reform,and then made farmers walk on the road of collectivization by means of the movement of agricultural cooperation and rural people's communes.In the period of reform and opening up,the relationship between farmers and the land became a golden key to opening China's rural reform,and an important leverage for leading the rural reform in the primary stage of socialism with Chinese characteristics.In the new era,the relationship between farmers and the land is the main line for implementing the rural revitalization strategy,and having solved this problem will cause the rural development and revitalization.The practice of the past century for the Party's handling the relationship between farmers and the land has offered the profound enlightenment that respecting the dominant position of farmers,adhering to the collective ownership of the rural land,and reshaping the relationship between farmers and the land is an inevitable logic for solving the problem of subsistence,security and development of farmers in future,and a core problem of realizing the rural revitalization strategy.