胡塞尔与古尔维奇:意识场域的开拓与耕耘

Husserl and Gurvich:Pioneering and Cultivating on the Field of Consciousness

古尔维奇的“意识场域”理论是对胡塞尔意识现象学理论的继承与发展,同时也带有偏离与修正。他认为,意识的关联性是由它的同现结构所决定的,而意识研究的任务就在于划分各种关联性的层次并把握它们的组织原则。在此意义上可以说,古尔维奇意识关联性分析可以被视作对胡塞尔意识意向性分析的一个扩展性工作。古尔维奇的意识场域理论实际具有很强的操作性。对于当前从自然科学立场出发的意识研究,即从人工智能、神经科学和脑科学出发,也包括从科学哲学和认知科学立场出发的意识研究,具有极为重要的启示意义。

Aron Gurwitsch’s theory of the“field of consciousness”is an inheritance and development of Husserl’s phenomenological theory of consciousness,but also with some deviations and corrections.He believes that the relevance of consciousness is determined by its co-present structure,and the task of consciousness research is to delineate the various levels of relevance and to grasp the principles of their organization.In this sense,it can be said that Gurwitsch’s analysis of the correlations of consciousness can be regarded as an extension of Husserl’s analysis of the intentionality of consciousness.Gurwitsch’s theory of fields of consciousness has actually strong operability.It has extremely important implications for the current research on consciousness from the standpoint of natural sciences,i.e.,from the standpoint of artificial intelligence,neuroscience and brain science,but also from the standpoint of philosophy of science and cognitive science.