历史记忆的模糊策略:两宋政争与名臣韩琦传的书写难题

Fuzzy Strategy of Historical Memory:Political Controversy in the Song Dynasty and Writing Problems of the Biographies of Famous Minister Han Qi

西夏战事、庆历新政、顾命定策与反变法,构成宋代韩琦传记叙述的重点。因为致力于变法及拓边西北,北宋神宗时期形成的碑传文本,强调韩琦主张对西夏采取攻策,虽有异见却仍奉行新法。李清臣所撰韩琦行状甚至将庆历新政改写成由韩琦主导的西夏策略。南宋既否定变法,《东都事略》《四朝国史》等史传文本强调韩琦极力反变法及对王安石“独识其奸”的一面,掩饰其西夏攻策、奉行新法的事实,庆历新政的相关叙述也有误导之嫌。在韩琦政治地位无以动摇的情况下,两宋传记文本对韩琦事迹各有隐讳与扭曲,结果造成韩琦形象的模糊化。据此重审韩琦所代表的政治文化,有助于反思北宋仁、英、神三朝政治史研究的不足。

The war against Xixia,the Qingli reform,formulating policies as regent and opposing the Xining reform constitute the narrative emphasis of Han Qi’s biographies in the Song Dynasty.Because the emperor committed to reform and expand the northwestern border,the epitaphs and biographies formed during the reign of Shenzong of Northern Song emphasized that Han Qi advocated an offensive strategy against Xixia,and still pursued the new policy despite having dissent.Han Qi’s Xingzhuang written by Li Qingchen even changed the Qingli reform to the strategy againt Xixia led by Han Qi.Since the reform was negated in the Southern Song Dynasty,the historical biographies in“Dong Du Shi Lue”and“Si Chao Guo Shi”emphasized Han Qi’s efforts to be anti-reform and uniquely identify the treachery of Wang Anshi,covered up the fact that he carried out the offensive strategy against Xixia and pursued the new policy,also the related narration of the Qingli reform was suspected of misleading.In the case of Han Qi’s unshakable political status,the biographical texts of the two Song Dynasties each concealed and distorted Han Qi’s deeds,resulting in the blurring of Han Qi’s image.Therefore,rethinking the political culture represented by Han Qi is helpful to reflect on the inadequacies of the study of the political history during the reign of Renzong,Yingzong,and Shenzong of the Northern Song Dynasty.