NICU出院早产儿母亲育儿压力轨迹及影响因素研究

Study on parenting stress trajectory among mothers of premature infants discharged from NICU:the influencing factors

目的了解从NICU出院后矫正6月龄内早产儿母亲育儿压力轨迹,分析其影响因素,为今后制定干预措施减轻早产儿母亲育儿压力提供依据。方法选择从NICU出院的356名早产儿母亲为研究对象,采用简式育儿压力量表、流调中心抑郁量表、社会支持评定量表、简易共同养育关系量表、新生儿医学指数分别在早产儿出院后1周、矫正1月龄、3月龄和6月龄来院随访时进行调查。结果早产儿出院后1周、矫正1月龄、3月龄和6月龄时母亲育儿压力总分分别为(100.73±19.11)分、(105.96±21.08)分、(90.71±17.16)分和(88.22±17.76)分。与母亲育儿压力相关的因素分别是婴儿出生体质量、是否已生育子女、母亲抑郁状况及社会支持状况(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论早产儿出院后早期母亲育儿压力呈先升后降趋势,提示医护人员应根据影响因素制定干预策略,尽早开展针对性育儿支持措施,帮助早产儿母亲适应母亲角色以减轻其育儿压力。

Objective To investigate the trajectory of parenting stress among mothers of premature infants within 6-month corrected age and discharged from NICU,and to provide evidence for development of intervention measures to reduce parenting stress for preterm infants′mothers in the future.Methods Mothers of 356 premature infants discharged from the NICU,were enrolled in the study.The mothers were surveyed with the Parenting Stress Index-short form(PSI-SF),the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D),the Brief Coparenting Relationship Scale(Brief CRS),Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS),Neonatal Medical Index(NMI)at 1 week after infant discharge,corrected gestational age at 1 month,3 months and 6 months.Results The total score of maternal parenting stress was(100.73±19.11)points,(105.96±21.08)points,(90.71±17.16)points,and(88.22±17.76)points at 1 week after infant discharge,corrected gestational age at 1 month,3 months and 6 months,respectively.The factors related to mother′s parenting stress were baby′s birth weight,whether the mother has an elder child,mother′s depressive symptoms and the degree of social support(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Parenting stress among mothers of premature infants discharged from NICU first sees a climb then decreases gradually.It is suggested that medical staff should formulate intervention strategies according to the influencing factors and carry out targeted parenting support measures as soon as possible to help mothers of premature infants adapt to the role of mother and reduce their parenting stress.