铁路救援起重机起升装置故障分析与解决措施

Failure Analysis and Solution for Lifting Device of Railway Rescue Crane

铁路救援起重机是在铁路上运行的起重机,用于铁路事故中救援和大型货物吊装。国产160 t伸缩臂铁路救援起重机在20世纪90年代研制成功,成为国内铁路救援装备的主要设备。160 t伸缩臂铁路救援起重机采用液压传动,液压系统为恒功率泵控调速开式系统,起重机的起升装置采用双马达和双卷筒机构,满足重载低速和空载高速的救援需求。起重机在使用过程中,发现起升装置出现过平衡阀故障和溜钩现象,针对起重机起升装置出现的故障,从起升装置机构原理、液压系统和工作方式等方面进行分析和研究,给出马达和平衡阀出现故障的原因和理论依据,通过对比工程机械起重机的起升机构和液压控制方式,经过分析和计算,采用带压力溢流的平衡阀、增大主泵排量和取消起升合流操作3个措施解决起升机构故障问题。

Railway rescue crane is a crane running on the railway, which is used for rescue in railway accidents and hoisting of large goods.The domestic 160 t telescopic boom railway rescue crane is successfully developed in the 1990s and has become the main equipment of domestic railway rescue equipment. 160 t telescopic boom railway rescue crane adopts hydraulic transmission, the hydraulic system is a constant power pump controlled speed regulation open system, the lifting device of the crane adopts double motor and double drum mechanism to meet the rescue needs of heavy load, low speed and no-load high speed. During the use of the crane, it is found that the lifting device has the fault of balance valve and sliding hook. In view of the fault of the lifting device of the crane, the mechanism principle, hydraulic system and working mode of the lifting device were analyzed and studied, and the causes and theoretical basis of the fault of motor and balance valve were given. By comparing the lifting mechanism and hydraulic control mode of construction machinery crane, through analysis and calculation, three measures were adopted to solve the failure of the lifting mechanism: the balance valve with pressure overflow, increasing the displacement of the main pump and canceling the lifting confluence operation.