冬奥会冰壶场馆热湿环境营造效果研究

Performance investigation of thermal and humidity environment of a curling arena for Olympic Winter Games

冰上运动场馆体型高大,与一般公共建筑相比热湿来源复杂,同时冰壶比赛对空气参数的要求尤其严苛,其热湿环境营造面临巨大难题。本文针对冬奥会级别的冰壶场馆的实际参数需求进行了热湿环境营造实测及效果研究。场馆分为核心比赛区、观众区及高大空间区,分别进行降温除湿、调温及无空气调节控制。测试结果表明:冬季运行的冰壶赛场采用低空间降温除湿控制方案,可使比赛区冰面附近的温湿度降低至10.5℃、3.0 g/kg,同时冰面保持清澈、透明、无霜;冰场竖直方向不同高度温湿度呈现明显差异及不同分布规律,实现了比赛区与高大空间分区控制的目标;冰面附近风速小于0.2 m/s,实现了除湿气流不干扰冰面比赛的目标;冰面及比赛区的低温环境几乎不影响观众席观众舒适度,实现了观众区与比赛区热湿环境分区控制的目标。上述成果可为冬奥会冰壶场馆热湿环境营造及运行方案提供参考,为精准、节能、高效保障冬奥会冰壶运动贡献方案。

The indoor ice rink is a special kind of public building with high space and complex heat and humidity sources compared with general buildings. At the same time, the curling competition has particularly strict requirements on air parameters. The controlling of its thermal and humidity environment is facing great challenges. This research carries out on-site measurement of thermal and humidity environment in a curling arena for Olympic Winter Games, according to the real parameter requirements. The air conditioning area of the arena is divided into competition area, audience area and large space area, which are controlled by independent air conditioning systems respectively. The test results show that the low space cooling and dehumidification control method could reduce the temperature and humidity ratio near the ice surface of the competition area to 10.5 ℃ and 3.0 g/kg, while the ice surface remains clear, transparent and frost free. The temperature and humidity ratio at different heights in the vertical direction of the ice rink show obvious differences, achieving the zoning control goal of the competition area and the large space area. The air speed near the ice surface is less than 0.2 m/s, which would not interfere with the ice competition. The ice surface and the low temperature environment in the competition area hardly affect the audience comfort. It could be helpful to zoning control between the audience area and the competition area. The above researches provide references for the thermal environment operation scheme of the curling arena for the Olympic Winter Games. It also contributes to the accurate, energy saving and efficient guarantee of Olympic Winter curling games.