基于市售样品质量考察的“猪腰”和“豆豉”女贞子比较

Comparison of Zhuyao and Douchi Ligustri Lucidi Fructus Based on Quality Investigation of Commercial Samples

目的:对市售女贞子质量进行考察,比较“猪腰”和“豆豉”2种不同性状女贞子的水分、浸出物、有效成分含量等,以期为提高女贞子药材及饮片利用率提供依据。方法:采用2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》)(一部)“女贞子”项下方法对市售女贞子的性状、水分、总灰分、醇溶性浸出物含量进行测定并进行薄层色谱法(TLC)检测;建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)指纹图谱,对有效成分红景天苷、特女贞苷含量进行测定,流动相0.2%磷酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B)梯度洗脱(0~70 min,92%~65%A),检测波长程序为0~14 min,220 nm;14~70 min,225 nm。利用以上指标对2种不同性状女贞子进行综合比较。结果:13批市售女贞子除其中1批为抢青采收质量不符合规定外,其余12批均符合2020年版《中国药典》的相关规定,但存在2种不同性状的现象。对比2种不同性状的女贞子发现,猪腰女贞子水分、总灰分、浸出物含量、红景天苷及特女贞苷质量分数分别为2.22%~5.19%、3.91%~4.49%、32.56%~40.95%、0.073%~0.170%、1.45%~4.14%;豆豉女贞子水分、总灰分、浸出物含量、红景天苷及特女贞苷质量分数则分别为3.57%~5.61%、3.65%~4.44%、41.31%~46.70%、0.041%~0.067%、3.01%~4.20%。结论:豆豉女贞子浸出物、特女贞苷含量大部分高于猪腰女贞子,而红景天苷含量却低于猪腰女贞子,两者的水分、总灰分和TLC鉴别差别不大。建议若以提取红景天苷为主要目的,则选择猪腰女贞子;若以女贞子入药为主要目的,建议选择豆豉女贞子。

Objective: To investigate the quality of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus in the market,and the moisture,extract,determination of Zhuyao and Douchi Ligustri Lucidi Fructus were compared to increase the utilization rate of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus. Method: The properties,moisture,total ash,alcohol-soluble extract content and thin layer chromatography(TLC)identification were determined by the methods of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus included in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia,and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)fingerprint and determination of specnuezhenide and salidroside were established with the mobile phase of 0.2% phosphoric acid aqueous solution(A)-acetonitrile(B)(0-70 min,92%-65%A)for gradient elution,and the detection wavelength of 220 nm at 0-14 min and 225 nm at 14-70 min. The two different characters of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus were comprehensively compared by the above indicators. Result: Except for one batch which did not meet the requirements due to the quality of harvesting,the other 12 batches of samples all met the requirements of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia,but there were two different characters. Comparing the two different characters of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, it is found that the moisture, total ash, extract,salidroside and specnuezhenide contents of Zhuyao samples were 2.22%-5.19%, 3.91%-4.49%, 32.56%-40.95%,0.073%-0.170% and 1.45%-4.14%,and these values of Douchi samples were 3.57%-5.61%,3.65%-4.44%,41.31%-46.70%,0.041%-0.067% and 3.01%-4.20%,respectively. Conclusion: The contents of extract and specnuezhenide of Douchi Ligustri Lucidi Fructus are mostly higher than those of Zhuyao Ligustri Lucidi Fructus,while the content of salidroside is lower than that of Zhuyao samples,and there are no significant differences in moisture,TLC identification and total ash content. Based on the above research,if the main purpose is to extract salidroside,it is recommended to choose Zhuyao Ligustri Lucidi Fructus. If the main purpose is to use Ligustri Lucidi Fructus as medicine,it is recommended to choose Douchi Ligustri Lucidi Fructus.