microRNA与支气管哮喘相关性及中药调控机制研究进展

Correlation Between microRNA and Bronchial Asthma and Regulatory Mechanism of Chinese Medicine:A Review

支气管哮喘是一种以气道高反应、黏液高分泌、气流受限为特征的慢性炎症反应性疾病,是一种症状多样的异质性疾病。在全球范围内哮喘的发病率逐年增高,我国约有4 570万成年人罹患哮喘,造成了严重的经济和社会负担。但是哮喘的发生机制尚不十分明确,目前研究表明气道内多种细胞和细胞组分参与到哮喘的发生发展过程中。微小非编码RNA(microRNA)通过调控基因表达,调节细胞生长、分化、发育等多种生物学过程。在哮喘发病中,microRNA能够通过调控免疫和非免疫细胞的生存、增殖、分化等多面活性,从而调控相关细胞的功能,进而诱发气道痉挛、黏液高分泌的发生而出现哮喘症状。中医药在预防和减轻哮喘症状发挥重要作用。近年大量研究发现,由于中药多组分、多靶点的特点,中药及其组分能够通过调控microRNA的表达,调节免疫平衡、有效改善气道炎症和气道重塑,达到治疗哮喘的作用。但当前尚缺乏关于中药调节哮喘相关microRNA表达的系统的、细致的综述。文章旨在通过对近年动物实验及临床试验中microRNA与哮喘相关性及中药调控microRNA治疗哮喘作用机制进行综述,意在为中医药治疗哮喘的基础研究及临床应用提供参考。

Bronchial asthma is a common heterogeneous chronic inflammatory disorder of airways characterized by airway hyperreactivity, mucus hypersecretion, and airflow obstruction. The incidence of asthma has been on the rise worldwide,and about 45.7 million adults in China suffer from asthma. Asthma is considered a costly disease,resulting in a significant economic and social burden. microRNAs(miRNAs)are long noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression. They play a role in asthma through their activity in multiple immune and non-immune cell subsets. They impact multiple facets of critical cell function including cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation, which in turn induce the occurrence of airway spasm, mucus hypersecretion,and asthma symptoms. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history in the treatment of asthma. Over the past a few decades,a growing number of herbs have proven effective in treating asthma in clinical trials or asthma inflammation in animal models. Chinese medicine has the features of multiple components and multiple targets. Evidence suggests that Chinese medicine and components of Chinese medicine can regulate immune homeostasis, improve airway inflammation and airway remodeling by modulating microRNA expression for asthma treatment. However,there is a lack of systematic and detailed reviews on the regulation of asthma-related microRNA expression by Chinese medicine. The article aims to review the correlation between microRNAs and asthma in animal experiments and clinical trials in recent years,as well as the mechanism of microRNA regulation by Chinese medicine in the treatment of asthma,with the intention of providing a reference for basic research and clinical application.