新科技革命与新冠疫情冲击下的国际直接投资格局:原因、趋势与影响

The Pattern of International Direct Investment Under the Impact of New Technological Revolution and the COVID-19 Pandemic:Reason,Trend and Influence

新科技革命和新冠疫情诱发了生产方式和区位决策的变革,颠覆了全球经济格局,并间接触发了“逆全球化”与保护主义。在其驱使下,世界范围内的跨境直接投资在规模与主体、区位格局、投资方式与组织形式,以及投资规则等方面都发生了深刻的变化。从对中国产生的影响来看,这种变化一方面引发了引资规模的调整和外资贡献方式的转变,并促进了外商投资的技术结构升级;另一方面也加大了外资技术溢出的难度。同时,新格局下的外资开放也对激发相关领域的改革、促进区域经济平衡发展以及推动对外投资产生了一定的积极效应。针对上述影响,未来我国应加大提高引资质量和技术结构、扩大技术溢出、推动新区位优势的构建、积极稳妥推进对外投资、扩大开放及推进国际投资政策协调等方面的工作力度,以应对新形势下国际投资格局调整带来的挑战。

The new technological revolution and COVID-19 pandemic are inducing changes in the mode of production and location decisions,subverting the global economic structure and triggering“reverse globalization”and protectionism in an indirect sense.Driven by it,global international direct investment has undergone profound changes in scale and subject,location pattern,investment mode,organization form,and international investment rules.From the perspective of China,these changes have triggered the adjustment of the scale of foreign investment as well as the mode of foreign capital contribution,and promoted the upgrading of the technological structure of FDI on the one hand;but also increases the difficulty of foreign technology spillover on the other hand.Simultaneously,the opening of foreign capital under the new pattern will also have a certain positive effect on stimulating the reform in relevant fields,promoting the balanced development of regional economy,and promoting overseas investment.In view of the above effects,China should strengthen its efforts to improve the quality and technical structure of attracting FDI,expand technology spillover,setup new location advantage,encourage overseas investment actively and steadily,expand opening-up and promote the coordination of international investment policies,so as to meet the challenges brought by the adjustment of international investment pattern under the new situation.