琥珀在清宫像生盆景中的应用特点

On the Use Characteristics of Amber in Artificial Bonsai in Qing Court

琥珀是石化的天然植物树脂。在中国,琥珀作为装饰材料至少可以追溯到三星堆时期。随着时代发展,琥珀的应用范围愈加广泛。清代是琥珀艺术发展的全盛时期,目前故宫博物院还保存有大量清代宫廷琥珀制品,其原材料大多来自内外臣工的进贡和前朝遗存。在各种类型的清宫文物中,应用于像生盆景的琥珀数量繁多且制作类型广泛,以其制作的人物、动植物及山石等形象出现在像生盆景的各个结构中。这些点景不仅完善了像生盆景的构图和寓意,还体现着琥珀的稀有和珍贵。

Amber is fossilized tree resin.In China,the use of amber can be traced back to the Sanxingdui Culture and continually extended in the course of history.In the Qing Dynasty,the art of amber reached its peak.A large amount of amber crafts from Qing court is now in the collection of the Palace Museum,the raw materials of which came from either the heritage of the former dynasty or the donation by the Qing emperors’ministers.Among various kinds of Qing court relics,ambers used in artificial bonsai are numerous with a wide application.In different structures of these bonsai,ambers are frequently seen in figures of people,animals,plants or rockery,which not only contribute to the perfection of composition or meanings,but alsoreffects its rarity and preciousness.