荆芥生态适宜性区划及挥发油品质的研究

STUDY ON ECOLOGICAL SUITABILITY REGIONALIZATION AND VOLATILE OIL’S QUALITY OF SCHIZONEPETA TENUIFOLIA BRIQ.

[目的]荆芥作为解表药为我国临床常用的药材,在新型冠状病毒的治疗过程中有应用,目前栽培资源较多。研究划分荆芥在我国的适宜生长区,并对不同产地药材的挥发油进行分析,从而为种植环境的选择及药材的质量控制提供依据。[方法]文章通过生态适宜性区划研究,划分荆芥的最适宜区、较适宜区、不适宜区,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析不同产地荆芥及荆芥穗的挥发油成分,通过正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA)筛选差异化合物,并对薄荷酮、胡薄荷酮、柠檬烯等7个主要挥发性成分进行含量测定,统计不同产地荆芥及荆芥穗挥发性成分的差异。[结果]荆芥在我国的最适宜区主要为中部地区,包括山东、河北南部、安徽北部等地,青海、西藏地区不适宜荆芥的种植。各产地间荆芥、荆芥穗的挥发油成分及含量有差异。[结论]荆芥穗挥发油含量高于荆芥,因此荆芥穗品质优于荆芥。河北、安徽、山东为荆芥的最适宜种植区,山东、安徽产荆芥质量优,河北产荆芥穗质量优。生境适宜度与挥发油品质研究结果一致。

Schizonepeta tenuifoliaBriq.is a common clinical medicine in China.It is used for the treatment of COVID-19,and has plentiful cultivation resources of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.This research is intended to divide the suitable growth area of S.tenuifolia in China,and analyze the volatile oil of S.tenuifolia from different producing areas,so as to provide the basis for the selection of planting environment and the quality control of medicinal materials.Through the study of the suitability regionalization of S.tenuifolia in China,the most suitable area,suitable area and unsuitable area were divided,and the volatile oil components of herba and spica of S.tenuifolia from different producing areas were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),then differential metabolites were screened by Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA),and the contents of seven main volatile components,including menthone,pulegone,limonene and so on were determined,then the differences between herba and spica from different producing areas were analyzed.The experimental results showed that the most suitable areas for S.tenuifolia cultivation were in the central part of China,including Shandong,the southern part of Hebei and the northern part of Anhui.Qinghai and Tibet were unsuitable for the cultivation of S.tenuifolia.The volatile composition and content of Schizonepetae herba and spica from different producing areas were different.In summary,the volatile oil yield of spica is higher than that of herba,so the quality of spica is better than that of herba.The quality of Schizonepetae herba from Anhui and Shandong is excellent;while the quality of Schizonepetae spica from Hebei is excellent.The research results indicates that the regional suitability and volatile oil quality are consistent.