西藏珍藏的明代内地玉器刍议

On the Ming Dynasty Jade Articles Collected in Tibet

西藏博物馆、布达拉宫共藏有数十件品相完好的明代内地玉器,十分珍贵。文章以此为切入点,梳理明廷输入西藏的玉器品种、样式、工艺等特征,并以出土玉器为标准器,结合相关文献,为西藏博物馆、布达拉宫所藏明代玉器进行断代,阐明其特殊的历史价值。指出西藏保存的明代内地玉器,规格档次高,不仅有象征权力的信物玉印,还有不少在同时期内地都很罕见的玉器皿,以及只有少数宗亲和一品以上职官才能佩戴的玉带饰,它们是明廷尊崇、礼遇藏传佛教的重要证物,亦是历史上各民族交往交流交融的宝贵见证。

The Tibet Museum and the Potala Palace have collected dozens of intact jade articles from the inland of the Ming Dynasty,which are very precious.Taking this as the starting point,this paper combs the characteristics of the variety,style and technology of jade sent into Tibet by the Ming court.Taking the unearthed jade as the standard,combined with relevant documents,this paper dating the jade of the Ming Dynasty collected in the Tibet Museum and the Potala Palace to clarify its special historical value.It is pointed out that the jade articles preserved in Tibet from the inland of the Ming Dynasty have high specifications and grades.They not only have jade seals as tokens of power,but also many jade dishes that are even rare in the inland in the same period,as well as jade belt ornaments that can be worn only by a few clansmen and officials above the first grade in the Ming Dynasty.They are important evidence of the Ming governments respect and courtesy of Tibetan Buddhism,and a valuable witness of Han-Tibetan exchanges.