以“林”为“生”——一项西南山地人工营林系统的历史人类学研究

Taking“Forest”as“Life”——A Study on the Artificial Forestry System in Southwest Mountainous Area from Historical Anthropology

锦屏杉木传统种植和管理系统作为全国重要农业文化遗产,是清水江流域居民经过长达数百年经验积累与探索而形成的人工营林方式,其在国家、市场及林农等主体的长期互动中形成完善的种养知识和技术体系、市场分工体系,并深度融入区域社会文化。本文从历史人类学视角,探索特定时空背景下人工营林如何影响地方的社会秩序、区域的市场运行和群体行为,以及如何在乡村被在地化的认可、理解和改造,最终型构为地方性知识与文化。

As an important national agricultural cultural heritage,the traditional planting and management system of Jinping Chinese fir is an artificial afforestation method,which formed through hundreds of years of experience accumulation and exploration of residents in Qingshui River Basin.In the long-term interaction between the state,the market,forest farmers and other subjects,it has developed a complete planting and breeding knowledge system,and a market division of labor system.It can also be deeply integrated into the regional social culture.From the perspective of historical anthropology,this paper explores how artificial forestry affects local social order,regional market operation and group behavior under a specific time and space background.Meanwhile,it figures out how it is recognized,understood and transformed by localization in the countryside,and finally shaped into local knowledge and culture.