我国硕士学位授予单位立项建设的现状与对策

Current Situation and Countermeasures of Project Establishment of Master’s Degree Granting Units in China

研究生教育是国民教育序列的顶端,是教育强国建设的引擎,推进我国研究生教育高质量发展是培养创新型人才、实施人才强国战略的必然要求。我国目前的研究生教育总体规模排世界第三,仅次于印度和美国。但相对于14亿庞大人口基数来说,比重过低,新增劳动力平均受教育年限与北欧等一些发达国家相比差距还很大。当前占据我国51.6%的新建本科院校是硕士学位授予立项建设单位的主力军,但它们处于高等教育生态系统中低端的边缘化位置,或多或少地存在资源紧张、思想固化和区域悬殊的问题。为此,从硕士学位授予立项建设的政策层面,政府需兼顾公平,做实硕士联合培养;从地方高校自身层面,硕士学位授予立项建设单位需对标对表、系统改革,深化产教融合,加快向应用型转型,走特色发展之路。

Postgraduate education stands at the top of the national education sequence and is the engine of building a strong country in education. Promoting the high-quality development of postgraduate education in China is an inevitable requirement for cultivating innovative talents and implementing the strategy of reinvigorating China through human resource development. The overall scale of postgraduate education in China ranks third in the world, following India and the United States. However, compared with the huge population base of 1.4 billion, the proportion is too low, and the average years of education of the new labor force is still far behind that of some developed countries such as northern Europe. The newly-built undergraduate colleges and universities currently occupying 51.6% are the main force of the master’s degree granting units, but they are in the marginalized position in the middle and low end of the higher education ecosystem, and there are more or less problems of resource shortages, entrenched thoughts and regional disparities.For this reason, from the policy level of the construction of master’s degree granting projects, the government needs to take into account fairness and implement joint supervision for masters;from the perspective of local colleges and universities, the construction units of master’s degree granting projects need to benchmark against tables, carry out system reform, and deepen industry-education integration,accelerate the transformation to application orientation and take the road of characteristic development.