从对抗到自由:尼采师生观探赜

From Confrontation to Freedom:Nietzsche’s View of Teachers and Students

尼采以权力意志为教育立法,力图从根本上改造现代教育,由此确立了冲突中生成的师生观。在他看来,师生是有着权力意志的独立个体,而权力意志追求自我强盛的本能赋予师生斗争的合法性,对抗成为了师生自我超越的一种方式。在教育活动中,教师引导学生反抗自己,学生则在认识和肯定自我的同时摆脱教师的依赖,进而获得本真的自由。这种辩证的师生观具有肯定与否定的二重性,天然带有乌托邦色彩,但在审视当前学校教育实践中的师生交往时亦有一定启迪。

Nietzsche took the will to power as the foundation of educational legislation in an attempt to fundamentally transform modern education,thus establishing the view of teacher-student relationship generated in conflict.Accordingly,teachers and students are viewed as independent individuals with the will to power,and the instinct of the will to power to pursue self prosperity endows teachers and students with the legitimacy of struggle,in which confrontation becomes a way for them to surpass themselves.In educational activities,teachers guide students to resist themselves while students getting rid of teachers’dependence in recognizing and affirming themselves,so as eventually to obtain true freedom.This dialectical view of teacher-student relationship has the duality of affirmation and negation,which is naturally Utopian but enlightening when examining the communication between teachers and students in the current schooling practice.