欧洲历史城区高层建筑的布局模式演变及形态导控:以德国法兰克福为例

Transformation of the Layout Pattern of High-Rise Buildings in European Historic Urban Areas and Planning Control on their Forms,Taking Frankfurt in Germany as an Example

高层建筑如何融入历史城市形态是当下很多大型历史城市面临的巨大挑战。以德国法兰克福为例,梳理欧洲历史城区的高层建筑布局模式及形态导控方法。将二战后法兰克福高层建筑发展分为四个时期,总结布局模式的演变及其与历史城市保护的关联。从空间格局、城市肌理、建筑—界面、功能—强度,以及落实机制五个层面总结法兰克福历史建成环境中的高层建筑形态导控策略。在此基础上,从布局模式、形态导控与实现机制三个方面反思我国历史城区高层建筑的形态导控问题。

It is a big challenge for many large-scale historic cities that how high-rise buildings can be morphologically well integrated into historical contexts. Taking Frankfurt in Germany as an example,the development modes of high-rise buildings in European historic urban areas as well as the planning control method of their forms are explored. The development of high-rise buildings in Frankfurt can be divided into four periods;the transformation of development modes in each period and its relationship with historic urban conservation are summarized. In addition,the control strategies on the form of high-rise buildings in Frankfurt’s historic built environment are discussed in five aspects,including spatial pattern,urban fabrics,buildings and interfaces,function and intensity,as well as planning mechanism. Furthermore,a reflection is made on the morphological control of high-rise buildings in Chinese historic urban areas from three aspects,including development mode,morphological control strategy and planning mechanism.