基于逆向工程的船舶螺旋桨数字化设计及数控加工技术探讨

Research on the Digital Design and Automatic Machining Technology of Ship Propeller Based on Reverse Engineering

良好的水动力及抗侵蚀性能是螺旋桨作为船舶动力推进系统核心部件的必要条件,这就要求其桨叶采用硬质合金材料制成,并且呈复杂的空间自由曲面形状。因此,船舶螺旋桨的设计、加工难度大,精度要求高,采用传统的设计加工方式很难满足船舶实际工况要求,是船舶工业研究的难点。近年来,基于逆向工程的船舶关键零部件数字化设计与自动化加工技术研究成为行业内的研究重点,该方法以实际船舶部件为对象,利用多种技术手段对工件尺寸数据进行采集和分析,获取工件的关键特征参数,再辅助以CAD、CAM等计算机辅助技术实现对工件的参数化设计与加工。阐述了逆向工程技术的操作流程与关键环节,研究了船舶螺旋桨的数字化设计及数控加工技术。结果表明,逆向工程技术可显著提高船舶复杂曲面部件的自动化加工精度和效率,具有很高的应用价值及推广意义,同时对其他复杂结构件的数字化设计、加工技术研究也有着积极的促进作用。

Good hydrodynamic and corrosion resistance are the necessary conditions for the propeller to be the core component of the marine power propulsion system,which requires its blades to be made of cemented carbide materials and have a complex spatial free-form surface shape.Therefore,the design and processing of marine propellers are difficult and require high accuracy.It is difficult to meet the actual working conditions of ships by traditional design and processing methods,which is a difficult point in the research of the shipbuilding industry.In recent years,the research on the digital design and automatic processing technology of key marine components based on reverse engineering has become a research focus in the industry.The method takes actual marine components as the object,uses a variety of technical means to collect and analyze the size data of the work piece to obtain the key characteristic parameters of the work piece,and then assists in the parametric design and processing of the work piece with computer-aided technologies such as CAD and CAM.The operation process and key links of reverse engineering technology were described,and the digital design and numerical control processing technology of marine propellers were studied.The results show that reverse engineering technology can significantly improve the accuracy and efficiency of automatic processing of ship complex curved surface components,which has high application value and promotion significance.At the same time,it also has a positive role in promoting the digital design and processing technology research of other complex structural parts.